WEEK 9 TEETH Flashcards

1
Q

What is buccal?`

A

On the cheek side

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2
Q

What is lingual?

A

On the tongue side

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3
Q

What is occlusal?

A

On the surface of the dentition

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4
Q

What is apical?

A

On the root side (like a superior view of roots)

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5
Q

What is the term labial used for in teeth?

A

Surface of INCISORS facing the lips

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6
Q

What is heterodont dentition?

A

Characteristic of human dentition where the teeth look different and different types of teeth have different functions.

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7
Q

What is a feature of general incisors?

A

Usually have 1 root

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8
Q

Feature of upper incisors?

A

Larger than lower incisors, more assymetric

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9
Q

Feature of lower incisors?

A

More chissel shaped crown, much smaller than upper incisors, more symmetrical

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10
Q

What are characteristics of all canines?

A

Has one singular cusp compared with incisors that don’t have any cusps, Conical shape with LONGER roots for tearing food (most stress placed on this)

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11
Q

What are characteristics of upper premolars?

A

Bicuspid (two cusps), round crowns, Buccal and lungual cusps are almost equal in size, large medial-distal groove which cuts the occlusal surface in half , OVAL occlusal shape, TWO ROOTS

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12
Q

What are characteristics of lower premolars?

A

Also bicuspid but the buccal cusp is MUCH LARGER than the lingual cusp, mesio distal groove is reduced, only has ONE ROOT! Circular occlusal shape

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13
Q

What are characteristics of upper molars?

A

M1 has 4 cusps, M2 may have less 3-4 cusps (and smaller than M1) , and M3 is variable, rhombus shape occlusal surface, 3 major roots

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14
Q

What are characteristics of lower molars?

A

Usually has 4-5 cusps and two roots (less than upper),

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15
Q

What is the strongest tissue of the body?

A

Enamel (hydroxyapatite) (fibre like mineral crystals and small amount of water and protein that holds mineral fibres together)

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16
Q

What is dentine?

A

Forms most of tooth, 49% mineral component, underneath enamel of crown and covers pulp cavity (soft tissue within tooth)

17
Q

What is the function of the dental cement?

A

50% organinc and 50% inorganic material, attaches peridontal ligament to surface of the root

18
Q

What is occlusion?

A

Contact b/w opposing upper and lower teeth during jaw closure.

19
Q

What is the main cause for misalignment of the dentition?

A

The shift to a soft food diet ( masticatiory muscles aren’t trained enough and dynamic disequilibrium occurs) - malocclusion (underbite or overbite)

20
Q

What is angle class 1?

A

normal state

21
Q

Angleclass 2?

A

Overbite

22
Q

What is angle class 3?

A

Underbite

23
Q

What are the bands of retzius?

A

Allows us to estimate age of indivudual (when it reaches the external surface it is called the perikymata.

24
Q

What is enamel hypoplaisia?

A

Malformation in the tooth that can have many different causes (malnutrition, stress, lack of vitamins)

25
Q

What else can the bands of retzius/perikymata tell us?

A

By counting and measuring lines can tell how fast a species grew e.g. neanderthals apparently grew faster than modern humans (so spent less time with parents than modern humans)

26
Q

What can the chemistry of dentition tell us?

A

The breastfeeding history (Barium peaks when breastfeeding and goes down when first eating solid food) - found that Neanderthals had shorter breastfeeding periods to modern humans (ate solid food earlier than modern humans- reaching adult age sooner)

27
Q

What are the different phases of the chewing cycle in upper and lower molars?

A

When closing mouth, there is shearing, then when they interlock there is crushing (maximal occlusion), then lower dentition moves out of occlusion and there is a combo of shearing and crushing forces to make GRINDING.

28
Q

What would you find more of microscopically in gorillas (eating leaves)?

A

Much more scratches because of the shearing action for the leaves - also like sheep and cows

29
Q

What would you find more of in an animal that eats hard food?

A

More pits due to crushing

30
Q

What can you find in dental calculus?

A

Different types of microscopic elements (organic matter)

31
Q

When was the oldest known case of dentisrty?

A

14 000 years ago