Week Six - Reading

Question 1

how many people use an alphabetic writing system?

Answer 1

> 75%

Question 2

3 types of writing systems?

Answer 2

1. Logographic: unique graphic symbol for each word (eg chinese)
2. Syllabic: unique graphic symbol for each syllable (eg japanese)
3. Alphabetic: unique graphic symbol for each phoneme (eg italian, english)

Question 3

Three conditions for true alphabet?

Answer 3

1. each phoneme must be represented
2. 1:1 correspondence between graphemes and phonemes
3. 20-30 graphemes (allows to memorise)

Question 4

Deep orthographies?

Answer 4

Don’t have consistent GPCs (>1 way to write each phoneme and say each grapheme)

• english
• french

Question 5

types of words?

Answer 5

regular: graphemes map regularly onto phonemes (eg beef, stove)
irregular: graphemes not pronounced onto phonemes (eg steak, pint, love)

lexical hermits: no close neighbours

pseudowords: novel words that can be pronounced in a normal way

non-words; cannot be pronounced ie not real words

Question 6

Dual-route model of reading 2 routes and their steps?

Answer 6

1. direct access route (for irregular and familiar) - written word - lexicon - pronounce
2. indirect route (unfamiliar) - written word - GPC rules - pronounce

Question 7

Phonological mediation?

Answer 7

Strong view: visual word recognition requires sounding-out of word
Weak view: sound can influence recognition

Question 8

Three-way interaction between a words…

Answer 8

frequency, imageability and spelling consistency

Question 9

Stages of Ehri’s model of reading development?

Answer 9

letter knowledge
semi-phonetic
alphabetic
consolidated alphabetic

Question 10

Stages of Frith’s model of reading development

Answer 10

logographic
alphabetic
orthographic

Question 11

difficulties with early speech results in

Answer 11

social ostracism and poor self-esteem

Question 12

spoken language is… written language is…

Answer 12

primary… secondary…

Question 13

Reading age is often..

Answer 13

> 2 SD below chronological age despite average IQ

Question 14

Common factor of dyslexia

Answer 14

can’t read unfamiliar words

Question 15

Possible explanations of dyslexia? 3

Answer 15

Magnocellular deficit: impaired visual pathway resulting in deficits in eye control, reading

Temporal auditory processing deficit hypothesis: when auditory stimuli is presented at rapid frequencies

Phonological deficit hypothesis: deficits in representing/using phonological information (eg spelling-to-sound)

Question 16

People with dyslexia have poor skills in?

Answer 16

phoneme segmentation, phoneme blending, phoneme manipulation, identification of rhymes

Question 17

What can improve the process of reading and spelling?

Answer 17

Training in sound categorisation

Question 18

Each encounter with a new word =

Answer 18

opportunity to apply and extend knowledge

Question 19

Mechanisms of progress for reading/spelling?

Answer 19

rapid build up of lexicon - more familiar words - more rapid/automatic reading