Week Eleven - Language, Culture & Gender: Pidgins & Creoles

Question 1

Sociolinguistics?

Answer 1

language as a method for establishing and maintaining social relationships.

Question 2

Speech style choice depends on?

Answer 2

person and context

Question 3

Regional accent

Answer 3

distinguishable by pronunciation alone, within and between countries

Question 4

Regional dialect

Answer 4

features of pronunciation, but also vocab and grammar

Question 5

Observer’s paradox?

Answer 5

People often change when they know they’re being recorded

Question 6

Language variety/code/style?

Answer 6

a set of linguistic forms used under specific social circumstances with a distinctive social distribution

Question 7

Converge vs diverge

Answer 7

C: aus in UK might pronounce better with a T
D: northern english moving to london might emphasise northern accent

Question 8

How to vary linguistic style?

Answer 8

vocab
pronunciation: bank manager vs friend
grammar: to friend vs grandma
entire language: local vs national

Question 9

Linguistic choice is influenced by?

Answer 9

participants (who)
social context
topic of convo
function of convo (why they are talking)

Question 10

Men vs women in pronunciation?

Answer 10

women standard, men more vernacular eg g and h dropping

Question 11

Men vs women in grammar?

Answer 11

women standard, men more vernacular eg double negation

Question 12

Men vs women in vocab?

Answer 12

women use more pleasant adjectives eg adorable, non-primary colour words

Question 13

Men vs women in intonation?

Answer 13

women use patterns of surprise/politeness
rising intonation
tag questions

Question 14

women vs men more generally with language in english?

Answer 14

women use language more fluently, use more words, and express more emotion, social warmth

Question 15

men vs women in digital language/messages?

Answer 15

women more likely to use expressiveness and friendliness and affection
men more likely to use aggression

Question 16

accommodation to speech of listener findings?

Answer 16

women more co-operative than men, men might even react with greater vernacular language

Question 17

accommodation to speech of listener WHY?

Answer 17

interviewer is often a middle-class, well educated academic, so need to be careful generalising these results

Question 18

male terms vs female terms?

Answer 18

male terms are unmarked (prince, actor)

female terms are marked (bound morpheme eg princess, actress)

Question 19

Origin of pidgins and creoles?

Answer 19

The need to find a common system of communication between speakers of different language

Question 20

Function of pidgins and creoles?

Answer 20

A regular means of communication between different linguistic groups in a multilingual speech community

Question 21

Pidgin?

Answer 21

A language with no native speakers (contact language)

Question 22

Creole?

Answer 22

A pidgin that has become the first language of a new generation of speakers (eg children) 6-17 million people

Question 23

How do pidgins develop?

Answer 23

By simplifying the dominant language of the two or more groups

Question 24

Where are pidgins and creoles mainly spoken?

Answer 24

In developing countries
Equatorial belt
Places with direct or easy access to oceans

Question 25

theoretical implications of pidgins and creoles?

Answer 25

As they are usually developed by children, suggests we have an innate bioprogram/mechanism that compels children to develop a full language