Week Seven: Musculoskeletal and Nervous System Flashcards
Greenstick fracture
one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent
Transverse fracture
in which the break is across a bone, at a right angle to the long axis of the bone
Oblique fracture
a slanted fracture of the shaft along the bone’s long axis
Comminuted fracture
A fracture in which a bone is broken, splintered, or crushed into a number of pieces
Always indicative of high levels of absorbed energy that bursts the bone- Assume that these patients have extensive, local soft tissue injury
Define physeal
“Defined as being through fused or still growing growth plates”
What are pathologic fractures?
Frequently secondary to some other bone disease that has weakened the bone with the fracture occurring spontaneously
Golden period for checking/working on open or communited fractures?
4 hours
Luxation equals…
Joint Dislocation
What is the physiology of bone healing? (steps)
- Hematoma formation
- Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
- Bony callus formation
- Bone remodeling (functionally healed here)
Explain closed fracture fixation
No surgery, just “setting” the bone and immobilization
Reduce overriding then toggle fragments
Need to cast or splint
What are the advantage and disadvantage of closed fractures?
Advantage: lower cost and simple
Disadvantage: Non-anatomic reductions and slower healing
Explain open fracture fixation
Surgically approach the area to directly see the area, anatomically reoppose the fragments
Provide a rigid form of internal fixation with screws and plats, and pins or wires
What are the first steps to orthopedics? (ABCDEF)
Airway, Bleeding, CNS, Digestive, Excretory, Fracture
What are the pros and cons of rigid internal fixation?
Pros: No movement between fracture fragments, this is aided by interfragmentary compression
Cons: Invasive, infection and loss of blood supply, expensive
What is the pathophysiology of arthrosis?
It is like “sandpaper on sandpaper” and total joint replacements may be needed
