Week Four: Endocrine, Eye & Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Canine Hypoadrenocorticism

A

Adrenal destruction or slow onset of cortical atrophy, lack of glucocorticoids and mineralacorticoids
Treatment: give oxygen, add fluids (NaCl 0.9%)

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2
Q

What are some replacement therapies for canine hypoadrenocorticism?

A

Percorten-V, Fludrocortisone, Prednisone

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3
Q

Canine Hyperadrenocorticism

A

condition that results from the chronic overproduction of too much glucocorticoid in the body

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4
Q

What are some treatments for canine hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Lysodren (destructs adrenal cortex) and Vetoryl

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5
Q

HYpocalcemia

A

Clinical characteristics: Bradycardia, twitching, ataxia, tetany, seizure
Seen in moms needing to produce too much milk causing decrease of calcium, may cause high body temperature

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6
Q

What are some calcium replacement therapies?

A

IV therapy: Give 10% Ca Gluconate VERY slowly
Dose range: 0.5-1.5 mL/kg in 10-15 minutes
Given to effect, piggy back with IV fluids like LRS
Continue with oral calcium and Vitamin D

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7
Q

Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID)

A

Equine Cushing’s Disease
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the intermediate portion of pituitary that releases several active hormones including ACTH
Usually seen in equidae >15 yr
Long, curly coat with excess shedding, weight loss with loss of epaxial musculature, PUPD, hyperhidrosis (sweating) possible, laminitis/founder

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8
Q

Ferret Adrenal Disorders

A

Hair loss or hair thinning - at the base of the tail, on his feet, on his belly, in an obvious pattern, or in a patchy appearance

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9
Q

Treatments for ferret adrenal disorders

A

Lupron Depot Injections, melatonin implants

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10
Q

Pancreatic insulinomas

A

Too much insulin in the body (opposite of diabetes mellitus)
Weak, trembling dogs, may pass out/seizure
Poor prognosis

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11
Q

Treatments for pancreatic insulinomas

A

Glucagen

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12
Q

Diabetic hyperosmolar coma

A

Blood glucose => 500 mg/dL (sludge blood)
CNS disorder, shrinks brain, breath smells like finger nail polish remover
**Rehydrate very slowly, may start seizuring
Monitor potassium and glucose

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13
Q

Treatments for diabetic hyperosmolar coma

A

◾intravenous fluids to prevent or reverse dehydration.
◾insulin to lower and stabilize blood sugar levels.
◾if necessary, potassium, phosphate, or sodium replacement can help return your cells to normal function

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14
Q

Entropion

A

Inward roll of eyelids towards the cornea

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15
Q

Ectropion

A

Outward roll of the eyelids

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16
Q

Distichiasis

A

Double row of eyelashes that make contact with the cornea

17
Q

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

A

Dry eye

Lack of sufficient lacrimation to maintain pre-corneal tear film

18
Q

Treatment for KCS

A

Atopica (anti inflammatory, fake tears), cyclosporine and tacrolimus

19
Q

Epiphora

A

Tearing or tears down the face
oversized globes
Plugged or mispositioned tear ducts puncta, rhinitis or foreign bodies in nasolacrimal system

20
Q

Treatment for epiphora

A

Lacrimal duct flushing to make sure duct is not plugged

21
Q

Cherry eye

A

Genetic, misplacement and eversion of nictitating membranes and glandular tissues

22
Q

Treatment for cherry eye

A

Surgical tackdown to restore anatomy
Perioperative nursing consists of antibiotics, artificial tears, hot packing, and client education
DO NOT CUT OUT

23
Q

Corneal ulcer/perforation

A

an erosion or open sore in the outer layer of the cornea

24
Q

Treatment for corneal ulcer/perforation

A

sutures, conjunctival grafts, conjunctival flaps, the insertion of soft contact lenses, or even a corneal transplant
Topical corticosteroids and anesthetics should also be avoided

25
Glaucoma
condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight
26
Retinal dysplasia and atrophy
characterized by the bilateral degeneration of the retina, causing progressive vision loss culminating in blindness
27
Treatments for otitis externa
◾antibiotic ear drops – this can treat an underlying bacterial infection. ◾corticosteroid ear drops – this can help reduce swelling. ◾antifungal ear drops – this can treat an underlying fungal infection. ◾acidic ear drops – this can help kill bacteria.
28
What's the difference between otitis externa and otitis media?
Externa is the outer ear and media is the middle ear
29
Malassezia pachydermatitis
Normal flora until abnormal growth Lipid loving, inhibited by lower pH levels common yeast organism that is found on normal and abnormal canine skin and ears
30
What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and insipidus
Mellitus: blood sugar (glucose) levels are abnormally high because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet its needs Insipidus: which the kidneys are unable to conserve water