Week Four: Endocrine, Eye & Ear Flashcards
Canine Hypoadrenocorticism
Adrenal destruction or slow onset of cortical atrophy, lack of glucocorticoids and mineralacorticoids
Treatment: give oxygen, add fluids (NaCl 0.9%)
What are some replacement therapies for canine hypoadrenocorticism?
Percorten-V, Fludrocortisone, Prednisone
Canine Hyperadrenocorticism
condition that results from the chronic overproduction of too much glucocorticoid in the body
What are some treatments for canine hyperadrenocorticism?
Lysodren (destructs adrenal cortex) and Vetoryl
HYpocalcemia
Clinical characteristics: Bradycardia, twitching, ataxia, tetany, seizure
Seen in moms needing to produce too much milk causing decrease of calcium, may cause high body temperature
What are some calcium replacement therapies?
IV therapy: Give 10% Ca Gluconate VERY slowly
Dose range: 0.5-1.5 mL/kg in 10-15 minutes
Given to effect, piggy back with IV fluids like LRS
Continue with oral calcium and Vitamin D
Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID)
Equine Cushing’s Disease
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the intermediate portion of pituitary that releases several active hormones including ACTH
Usually seen in equidae >15 yr
Long, curly coat with excess shedding, weight loss with loss of epaxial musculature, PUPD, hyperhidrosis (sweating) possible, laminitis/founder
Ferret Adrenal Disorders
Hair loss or hair thinning - at the base of the tail, on his feet, on his belly, in an obvious pattern, or in a patchy appearance
Treatments for ferret adrenal disorders
Lupron Depot Injections, melatonin implants
Pancreatic insulinomas
Too much insulin in the body (opposite of diabetes mellitus)
Weak, trembling dogs, may pass out/seizure
Poor prognosis
Treatments for pancreatic insulinomas
Glucagen
Diabetic hyperosmolar coma
Blood glucose => 500 mg/dL (sludge blood)
CNS disorder, shrinks brain, breath smells like finger nail polish remover
**Rehydrate very slowly, may start seizuring
Monitor potassium and glucose
Treatments for diabetic hyperosmolar coma
◾intravenous fluids to prevent or reverse dehydration.
◾insulin to lower and stabilize blood sugar levels.
◾if necessary, potassium, phosphate, or sodium replacement can help return your cells to normal function
Entropion
Inward roll of eyelids towards the cornea
Ectropion
Outward roll of the eyelids
Distichiasis
Double row of eyelashes that make contact with the cornea
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
Dry eye
Lack of sufficient lacrimation to maintain pre-corneal tear film
Treatment for KCS
Atopica (anti inflammatory, fake tears), cyclosporine and tacrolimus
Epiphora
Tearing or tears down the face
oversized globes
Plugged or mispositioned tear ducts puncta, rhinitis or foreign bodies in nasolacrimal system
Treatment for epiphora
Lacrimal duct flushing to make sure duct is not plugged
Cherry eye
Genetic, misplacement and eversion of nictitating membranes and glandular tissues
Treatment for cherry eye
Surgical tackdown to restore anatomy
Perioperative nursing consists of antibiotics, artificial tears, hot packing, and client education
DO NOT CUT OUT
Corneal ulcer/perforation
an erosion or open sore in the outer layer of the cornea
Treatment for corneal ulcer/perforation
sutures, conjunctival grafts, conjunctival flaps, the insertion of soft contact lenses, or even a corneal transplant
Topical corticosteroids and anesthetics should also be avoided
Glaucoma
condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight
Retinal dysplasia and atrophy
characterized by the bilateral degeneration of the retina, causing progressive vision loss culminating in blindness
Treatments for otitis externa
◾antibiotic ear drops – this can treat an underlying bacterial infection.
◾corticosteroid ear drops – this can help reduce swelling.
◾antifungal ear drops – this can treat an underlying fungal infection.
◾acidic ear drops – this can help kill bacteria.
What’s the difference between otitis externa and otitis media?
Externa is the outer ear and media is the middle ear
Malassezia pachydermatitis
Normal flora until abnormal growth
Lipid loving, inhibited by lower pH levels
common yeast organism that is found on normal and abnormal canine skin and ears
What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and insipidus
Mellitus: blood sugar (glucose) levels are abnormally high because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet its needs
Insipidus: which the kidneys are unable to conserve water
