Week Seven Flashcards
What is secondary data and it’s four major types
The collection or analysis of data that was originally collected by someone else at another time
Surveys
Offical statistics
Offical records
Historical documents
Most funded research in quantitative research
What are the two comparative methods
Research comparing data from more than one time period or nation
Descriptive: research that seeks to understand the structure, nature, or scope of nations criminal justice systems or rates of crime
Analytic: research that seeks to understand how national systems work and the factors that impact their operations
What is content analysis
A content analysis is a survey designed with fixed - choice responses so that it produces quantitative data that can be analysed statistically
Similar to qualitative and secondary data analysis
What are the stages of analysis
Identity population of sources to study
Determine units of analysis
Select a sample of units from the population
Design coding procedures for the variable to be measured
Test and refine the coding procedures
Base statistical analyses on counting occurrences of particular items
What is crime mapping
Data used to identify the spatial distribution of crime along with social indicators that are distributed across areas
Risk terrain modelling: predicts the probability of crime occurring in the future using the underlying factors of the environment that are associated with illegal behaviour
What are before and after designs
A quasi experimental design consisting of before and after comparisons involving the same variables but different groups
What is a cohort
A group of people who experienced the same event
What is compensatory rivalry
The john Henry effect
Contamination when control group realised they are being denied some advantage and increase efforts to compensate for this
What is contamination
Causal invalidity
Occurs when the experimental group is aware of the other group and influence post test results
What is demoralisation
Contamination that occurs when control group realise they are denied some treatment and feel demoralised and perform worse because of this
What is differential attrition
A problem that occurs in experiments when comparison groups become different because subjects are more likely to drop out of one of the groups for some reason
What are double barrelled questions
A survey question that asks two question but only allows one answer
What is endogenous change
A source of causal invalidity that occurs when natural developments or changes in the subjects account for some or all change in tests
What are ex post facto control group designs
Non experimental designs in which comparison groups are selected after the treatment, program or other variation in the independent variable has occurred.
What is self fulfilling prophecy
Expectancies of the experimental staff
Treatment misidentification that occurs when change among participants due to the positive expectancies of the staff delivering treatment and not treatment itself
What is history effect
Casual invalidity
Occurs when something other than the treatment influences outcome scores; also called an effect of external events
What is a fixed sample panel design
Panel study
Longitudinal study in which data is collected from the same individuals (the panel) at two or more points in time.
What is the Hawthorne effect
A type of contamination that occurs when members of the treatment group change because participation makes them feel special
What is a non-equivalent control group design
Quasi experimental design in which there are experimental and comparison groups that are designated before the treatment occurs and are not created by random assignments
What is a time series design
A quasi experimental design consisting of several pre and post test observations of the same group
What is the Solomon four group design
Experimental design in which there are four groups. Two groups receive pre test and two do not. Used to test interaction of testing and treatment
What is treatment misidentification
A problem that occurs in an experiment when the treatment itself is not what causes the outcome, but rather the outcome is caused by some intervening process that is the researcher has not identified and is not aware of.
