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HUMAN BODY - WORKBOOK > Week 9 - Urinary > Flashcards

Week 9 - Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Ren, Nephr

A

Kidney (nephrotoxic)

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2
Q

Anuria

A

Without urine

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3
Q

Ur, Urin

A

Urine

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4
Q

Dysuria

A

Difficult or painful micturition

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4
Q

Haematuria

A

Erythrocytes (RBC) in urine

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5
Q

Nocturia

A

Passing urine at night

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6
Q

Dia

A

Pass through

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7
Q

Diuresis

A

Pertaining to urine passing through

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8
Q

Cyst

A

Bladder

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9
Q

Af

A

Toward, afferent

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10
Q

What are some relevant nursing actions related to the urinary system?

A
  • Urinalysis
  • Urine measurement
  • Insertion of a urinary catheter using aseptic technique
  • Fluid balance chart recording
  • Urine specimen collection such as mid stream urine
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11
Q

Where are the kidneys in your body?

A
  • Retroperitoneal
  • Superior lumbar region
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12
Q

How big is each kidney?

A

Computer mouse (x2)

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13
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A
  • Filter blood and produce urine
  • Regulate blood volume, composition
  • Gluconeogenesis (forming of glucose)
  • Produce enzyme renin for BP regulation
  • Produce hormone erythropoietin
  • Activate vitamin D (calcitrol)
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14
Q

How much of the blood that is filtered in the kidneys absorbed?

A
  • 99% reabsorbed
  • 1% exits as urine
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15
Q

What are the 4 steps in urine formation?

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
  4. Water conservation
16
Q

The nephrons of the kidney filter the blood and produce urine. In which step of urine formation are the nephrons overloaded with glucose so that glucose is present in the urine of a patient with diabetes mellitus?

A

Tubular reabsorption

17
Q

Most nephrons are in the cortex, however 15% have a much longer nephron loop that extends into the medulla. In conjunction with anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), these juxtamedullary nephrons concentrate urine during which step in urine formation?

A

Water conservation

18
Q

A bladder scan is often performed by a nurse to determine the volume of urine in the bladder. What is the maximum volume of urine the bladder can hold?

A

One litre (1000ml)

19
Q

Many patient require catheterisation to assist with the drainage of urine from the bladder. Into which anatomical structure is a urinary catheter inserted?

A

Urethra

20
Q

What anatomy of the female body increases their risk of contracting a bladder infection (cystitis) compared to male?

A
  • Urethra shorter
  • Urethral meatus (opening), it is close to vagina and anus
21
Q

Why position an attached catheter bag below the patient’s body?

A

Maintain flow of urine away from kidneys

22
Q

Urethra

A

Muscular tube to drain urine from bladder to outside of body

23
Q

Ureters

A

Conveys urine from kidneys to bladder

24
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

Flat funnel-shaped tube continuous with ureter

25
Q

Diuretic

A

Chemical which enhances urine output

26
Q

Bladder

A

Muscular sac for temporary urine storage

27
Q

Micturition

A

The act of emptying the bladder

28
Q

Nephron

A

Consists of a glomerular capsule, PCT, LOH, DCT and CD

29
Q

Angiotensin II

A

Hormone that causes vasoconstriction to raise Bp

29
Q

DCT

A

Here reabsorption is hormonally mediated

30
Q

Renin

A

Enzyme that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

31
Q

ADH

A

Hormone that causes water retention

31
Q

How would kidney dysfunction affect the homeostasis of the human body?

A
  • No urine results to metabolic wastes accumulating
  • Disrupt blood volume
  • Insufficient glucose
  • BP and RBC issues
  • Lack of active vitamin D
32
Q

What is the minimal amount of urine the kidneys should produce every hour?

A

0.5/kg/h

33
Q

What food has the highest amount of protein?

A
  • Lean beef
  • Pork
  • Chicken
  • Lamb
34
Q

What is the recommended amount of protein intake?

A

Body weight (in kg) X 0.8

HUMAN BODY - WORKBOOK (9 decks)

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