Week 9 - Urinary Flashcards
Ren, Nephr
Kidney (nephrotoxic)
Anuria
Without urine
Ur, Urin
Urine
Dysuria
Difficult or painful micturition
Haematuria
Erythrocytes (RBC) in urine
Nocturia
Passing urine at night
Dia
Pass through
Diuresis
Pertaining to urine passing through
Cyst
Bladder
Af
Toward, afferent
What are some relevant nursing actions related to the urinary system?
- Urinalysis
- Urine measurement
- Insertion of a urinary catheter using aseptic technique
- Fluid balance chart recording
- Urine specimen collection such as mid stream urine
Where are the kidneys in your body?
- Retroperitoneal
- Superior lumbar region
How big is each kidney?
Computer mouse (x2)
What are the functions of the kidneys?
- Filter blood and produce urine
- Regulate blood volume, composition
- Gluconeogenesis (forming of glucose)
- Produce enzyme renin for BP regulation
- Produce hormone erythropoietin
- Activate vitamin D (calcitrol)
How much of the blood that is filtered in the kidneys absorbed?
- 99% reabsorbed
- 1% exits as urine
What are the 4 steps in urine formation?
- Glomerular filtration
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
- Water conservation
The nephrons of the kidney filter the blood and produce urine. In which step of urine formation are the nephrons overloaded with glucose so that glucose is present in the urine of a patient with diabetes mellitus?
Tubular reabsorption
Most nephrons are in the cortex, however 15% have a much longer nephron loop that extends into the medulla. In conjunction with anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), these juxtamedullary nephrons concentrate urine during which step in urine formation?
Water conservation
A bladder scan is often performed by a nurse to determine the volume of urine in the bladder. What is the maximum volume of urine the bladder can hold?
One litre (1000ml)
Many patient require catheterisation to assist with the drainage of urine from the bladder. Into which anatomical structure is a urinary catheter inserted?
Urethra
What anatomy of the female body increases their risk of contracting a bladder infection (cystitis) compared to male?
- Urethra shorter
- Urethral meatus (opening), it is close to vagina and anus
Why position an attached catheter bag below the patient’s body?
Maintain flow of urine away from kidneys
Urethra
Muscular tube to drain urine from bladder to outside of body
Ureters
Conveys urine from kidneys to bladder
Renal Pelvis
Flat funnel-shaped tube continuous with ureter
Diuretic
Chemical which enhances urine output
Bladder
Muscular sac for temporary urine storage
Micturition
The act of emptying the bladder
Nephron
Consists of a glomerular capsule, PCT, LOH, DCT and CD
Angiotensin II
Hormone that causes vasoconstriction to raise Bp
DCT
Here reabsorption is hormonally mediated
Renin
Enzyme that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
ADH
Hormone that causes water retention
How would kidney dysfunction affect the homeostasis of the human body?
- No urine results to metabolic wastes accumulating
- Disrupt blood volume
- Insufficient glucose
- BP and RBC issues
- Lack of active vitamin D
What is the minimal amount of urine the kidneys should produce every hour?
0.5/kg/h
What food has the highest amount of protein?
- Lean beef
- Pork
- Chicken
- Lamb
What is the recommended amount of protein intake?
Body weight (in kg) X 0.8
