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HUMAN BODY 1 - WORKBOOK > Week 3 - Cells and microbes > Flashcards

Week 3 - Cells and microbes Flashcards

1
Q

Cyt

A

Cell

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2
Q

Plasm

A

Living Substance

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3
Q

Logy

A

Study of

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4
Q

Endo, intra

A

Within

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5
Q

Exo, extra

A

Outside

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6
Q

Reticulum

A

Network

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7
Q

Lys

A

To breakdown

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8
Q

Som

A

Body

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9
Q

Micro

A

Small

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10
Q

Villi

A

Hairs

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11
Q

What are some relevant nursing actions related to cells and microbes?

A
  • Pressure care area
  • Wound dressing and assessment
  • Recording and monitoring of patient fluid balance
  • Alcohol and soap-based hand washing
  • Administering prescribed medications with different routes and absorption
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12
Q

Cellular material inside the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

Double layer of phospholipids with protein molecules in it

A

Plasma Membrane

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13
Q

Control centre of cell (DNA)

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

Membranous network, smooth or rough (ribosomes)

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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14
Q

Increase surface area of plasma membrane (absorption)

A

Microvillie

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15
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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16
Q

Modifies proteins and lipids for export

A

Golgi Complex

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17
Q

Transports products such as protein

A

Secretory Vesicle

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18
Q

Contains acidic digestive enzymes (pathogen and debris)

A

Lysosome

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19
Q

Synthesises Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP = energy, heat)

A

Mitochondrion

20
Q

Role in cell division (mitosis)

A

Centriole

21
Q

Role in joining cells together

A

Desmosome

22
Q

Proteins organised as microfilaments, microtubules or
intermediate filaments (scaffold) e.g., myosin, keratin

A

Cytoskeleton

23
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A
  • Lie along the protein fibres they secrete, e.g. secretes Collagen.
  • RER< Golgi Complex
23
Q

What are macrophage?

A
  • Eats Bacteria
  • Lysosomes to digest (break) pathogens, debris, bone etc.
24
Q

How can substances enter and leave the cell.

A

Molecules (e.g., drugs, water and electrolytes) can move across the plasma membrane of a cell by passive and active transport processes.

25
Q

What does hypertonic solution mean?

A
  • (hyper = more)
  • Has a greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol (thus the solution has a lower concentration of water).
26
Q

What does Isotonic solution mean?

A
  • (iso = equal)
  • Has the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol (cell interior).
27
Q

Bacteria is a cellular organism, how can this microorganism sustain life on its own?

A

Have cellular ribosomes for protein synthesis.

27
Q

When would giving an intravenous hypotonic or isotonic solution be beneficial to a patient?

A
  • Dehydrated patient
  • Water would move into cells by osmosis
28
Q

What does hypotonic solution mean?

A
  • (hypo = less, below)
  • Has a lower solute concentration than that of the cytosol (thus the solution has a higher concentration of water).
29
Q

What is Interphase?

A

Normal metabolic events occur (e.g., protein synthesis). In preparation for mitosis, chromosomes are copied (DNA replication) so that each is composed of two identical chromatids joined by a centromere.

30
Q

In clinical practice, hand washing with soap is used for protein-based contaminants such as body fluids and certain microorganisms. This is because alcohol-based hand rubs (AHHR) are not effective against _________ and _________.

A

Endospore-forming bacteria and non-enveloped viruses

31
Q

Viruses are considered acellular microorganisms, or more correctly infectious agents. What does this mean for their survival?

A
  • Need to inject a host cell.
  • Will use host ribosomes.
32
Q

Why is it just as important to dry your hands as it is to wash them?

A

Microorganisms (e.g. bacterial cells) will grow where this water.

33
Q

What is Prophase?

A

Chromosomes are supercoiled (compacted), nuclear envelope disintegrates. Centrioles sprout microtubules (spindles) that attach to the chromosomes.

34
Q

What is Anaphase?

A

Centromere is split. Microtubules shorten and pull one chromatid from each chromosome to opposite poles of the cell.

34
Q

What is Metaphase?

A

Microtubules position the 46 chromosomes across middle of cell.

35
Q

What is Telophase?

A

Nuclear envelope reformed, chromosomes uncoil, cytokinesis divides cytoplasm between the two new daughter cells.

36
Q

The absence of ________ would prevent a cell from undergoing mitosis (cell division).

A

Centrioles

37
Q

Most cells of the ________ system lack centrioles.

A

Nervous

38
Q

In the presence of oxygen and a fuel source (glucose, fats (glycerol), amino acids), cellular ________ provide an abundant supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and heat.

A

Mitochondria

39
Q

Describe why prolonged pressure on the skin would cause cell death (pressure injury).

A
  • No blood (fuel and oxygen) to cells (mitochondria) therefore no ATP.
  • Synthesised = No life
40
Q

_________ are microorganisms that grow in clusters of spherical-shaped bacteria.

A

Staphylococcus

41
Q

__________ are survival structures formed by some strains of bacillus.

A

Endospores

42
Q

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until an equilibrium is reached

A

Diffusion

42
Q

Movement of water from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

43
Q

Energy is derived from ATP to pump a substance across a cellular membrane against its concentration gradient

A

Active Transport

44
Q

Passive transport in which a solute binds a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane and is released on the other side

A

Facilitated Diffusion

45
Q

Movement of materials out of the cell by the fusing of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane

A

Exocytosis

46
Q

Type of endocytosis in which large particles such as pathogens are taken into the cell

A

Phagocytosis

HUMAN BODY 1 - WORKBOOK (9 decks)

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