Week 6 - Blood and vessels

Question 1

Haem, Aem

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

A, an

Answer 2

Without

Question 3

Erythr

Answer 3

Red

Question 4

Leuk

Answer 4

White

Question 5

Poiesis

Answer 5

Making

Question 6

Ferr

Answer 6

Iron

Question 7

Vas

Answer 7

Vessel

Question 8

Thromb

Answer 8

Blood clot

Question 9

Ven, phleb

Answer 9

Vein

Question 10

Penia

Answer 10

Poverty, lacking

Question 11

What are some relavent nursing actions related to blood and vessels?

Answer 11

• Blood safety (blood transfusion management)
• Removal of intravenous cannula
• Administering prescribed intravenous fluids and parenteral nutrition.
• PPE
• Application of anti-embolic stockings.

Question 12

Red blood cells, megakaryocytes, white blood cells, and platelets are all________________ and make up 45% of the blood.

Answer 12

Forged Elements

Question 13

Primarily water, non-cellular, fluid matrix of blood (55%)

Answer 13

Plasma

Question 14

Agranular leukocytes

Answer 14

• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes

Question 15

Granulocytes

Answer 15

• Neutrophils
• Eosinophil
• Basophil

Question 16

Granules with histamine and heparin

Answer 16

Basophil

Question 17

Most numerous leukocyte

Answer 17

Neutrophil

Question 18

Why might patients suffering from kidney disease be anaemic?

Answer 18

Less Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 19

Contains haemoglobin

Answer 19

Erythrocyte

Question 20

Derived from a monocyte

Answer 20

Macrophage

Question 21

Immune response (lymph tissue)

Answer 21

Lymphocyte

Question 22

Stimulates ‘making’ of erythrocytes

Answer 22

Erythropoietin

Question 23

Forms a temporary plug to stop bleeding

Answer 23

Platelets

Question 24

Determine why blood group AB is often described as the universal recipient.

Answer 24

Lacks A and B antibodies in plasma (recipient). Therefore, will not agglutinate incoming donated RBC with A or B antigen.

Question 25

Determine why blood type O is often described as the universal donor.

Answer 25

No A or B antigen on RBC to be attacked (bound) by A or B antibody (S) in plasma recipient

Question 26

Why is it preferable to not give rhesus positive blood to a rhesus negative individual?

Answer 26

1. First Exposure - Rh - individual will form antibodies to Rh antigen on donated RBC 2. Second Exposure - Rh - individuals plasma antibodies will agglutinate Rh+ RBC donated

Question 27

Almost half of our vitamin K is synthesised by our microbiota (Escherichia coli) in the colon (large intestine). Based on this information, how could a prescribed long-term broad-spectrum antibiotic be the cause of frequent nose bleeds?

Answer 27

Liver uses vitamin k to synthesis four blood clotting factors (blood coagulation)

Question 28

How does the anatomy and physiology of the radius and radial artery facilitate the taking of a radial pulse?

Answer 28

- Radial artery parallel to radius - Compress artery against bone allows detection of arterial pressure wave from heart - Muscular tunica media of artery extends pressure wave through arterial circulation

Question 29

Name one mineral and one fat-soluble vitamin that is required for normal blood clotting.

Answer 29

- Calcium (Ca2+) - Vitamin K (microbiota, greens, grains, meat)

Question 30

Name the three stages of HAEMostasis

Answer 30

- Vasospasm - Platelet plug - Blood coagulation (via fibrin formation)

Question 31

The four atoms of _________ in one haemoglobin each bind one molecule of oxygen (O2).

Answer 31

Iron (fe)

Question 32

Mitochondrial enzymes require iron (Fe) to function. The foods listed below all contain iron. Identify the option that contain the most absorbable form of iron (haem-based).

Answer 32

- Red meat - Pork - Turkey - Liver - Seafood - Eggs

Question 33

Chronic inflammation initiates structural changes to blood vessels. Would inflammation of the tunica interna and media reduce or increase the flexibility and lumen size of a blood vessel?

Answer 33

Reduce, therefore decrease of blood flow

Question 34

What is the function of erythrocyte, and it's lifespan?

Answer 34

- Transports oxygen - Most numerous cell in body - 120 days

Question 35

What is the function of neutrophil, and it's lifespan?

Answer 35

- Phagocytosis - 6 hours to a few days

Question 36

What is the function of basophil, and it's lifespan?

Answer 36

- Granules with histamine and heparin - Hours to days

Question 37

What is the function of eosinophil, and it's lifespan?

Answer 37

- Large pathogens (worms) - Destroys antigen-antibody complexes - Allergy - 8 - 12 days

Question 38

What is the function of lymphocyte, and it's lifespan?

Answer 38

- Immune response - Hours to decades

Question 39

What is the function of monocyte, and it's lifespan?

Answer 39

- Develop into macrophage - Months

Question 40

What is the function of platelets, and it's lifespan?

Answer 40

- Platelet plug - Haemostasis - 5 to 6 days