Week 6 - Blood and vessels Flashcards
Haem, Aem
Blood
A, an
Without
Erythr
Red
Leuk
White
Poiesis
Making
Ferr
Iron
Vas
Vessel
Thromb
Blood clot
Ven, phleb
Vein
Penia
Poverty, lacking
What are some relavent nursing actions related to blood and vessels?
- Blood safety (blood transfusion management)
- Removal of intravenous cannula
- Administering prescribed intravenous fluids and parenteral nutrition.
- PPE
- Application of anti-embolic stockings.
Red blood cells, megakaryocytes, white blood cells, and platelets are all________________ and make up 45% of the blood.
Forged Elements
Primarily water, non-cellular, fluid matrix of blood (55%)
Plasma
Agranular leukocytes
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
Granulocytes
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophil
- Basophil
Granules with histamine and heparin
Basophil
Most numerous leukocyte
Neutrophil
Why might patients suffering from kidney disease be anaemic?
Less Erythropoietin (EPO)
Contains haemoglobin
Erythrocyte
Derived from a monocyte
Macrophage
Immune response (lymph tissue)
Lymphocyte
Stimulates ‘making’ of erythrocytes
Erythropoietin
Forms a temporary plug to stop bleeding
Platelets
Determine why blood group AB is often described as the universal recipient.
Lacks A and B antibodies in plasma (recipient). Therefore, will not agglutinate incoming donated RBC with A or B antigen.
Determine why blood type O is often described as the universal donor.
No A or B antigen on RBC to be attacked (bound) by A or B antibody (S) in plasma recipient
Why is it preferable to not give rhesus positive blood to a rhesus negative individual?
- First Exposure - Rh - individual will form antibodies to Rh antigen on donated RBC
- Second Exposure - Rh - individuals plasma antibodies will agglutinate Rh+ RBC donated
Almost half of our vitamin K is synthesised by our microbiota (Escherichia coli) in the colon (large intestine). Based on this information, how could a prescribed long-term broad-spectrum antibiotic be the cause of frequent nose bleeds?
Liver uses vitamin k to synthesis four blood clotting factors (blood coagulation)
How does the anatomy and physiology of the radius and radial artery facilitate the taking of a radial pulse?
- Radial artery parallel to radius
- Compress artery against bone allows detection of arterial pressure wave from heart
- Muscular tunica media of artery extends pressure wave through arterial circulation
Name one mineral and one fat-soluble vitamin that is required for normal blood clotting.
- Calcium (Ca2+)
- Vitamin K (microbiota, greens, grains, meat)
Name the three stages of HAEMostasis
- Vasospasm
- Platelet plug
- Blood coagulation (via fibrin formation)
The four atoms of _________ in one haemoglobin each bind one molecule of oxygen (O2).
Iron (fe)
Mitochondrial enzymes require iron (Fe) to function. The foods listed below all contain iron.
Identify the option that contain the most absorbable form of iron (haem-based).
- Red meat
- Pork
- Turkey
- Liver
- Seafood
- Eggs
Chronic inflammation initiates structural changes to blood vessels. Would inflammation of the tunica interna and media reduce or increase the flexibility and lumen size of a blood vessel?
Reduce, therefore decrease of blood flow
What is the function of erythrocyte, and it’s lifespan?
- Transports oxygen
- Most numerous cell in body
- 120 days
What is the function of neutrophil, and it’s lifespan?
- Phagocytosis
- 6 hours to a few days
What is the function of basophil, and it’s lifespan?
- Granules with histamine and heparin
- Hours to days
What is the function of eosinophil, and it’s lifespan?
- Large pathogens (worms)
- Destroys antigen-antibody complexes
- Allergy
- 8 - 12 days
What is the function of lymphocyte, and it’s lifespan?
- Immune response
- Hours to decades
What is the function of monocyte, and it’s lifespan?
- Develop into macrophage
- Months
What is the function of platelets, and it’s lifespan?
- Platelet plug
- Haemostasis
- 5 to 6 days
