Week 5 - Skeletal system

Question 1

Skelet

Answer 1

Dried up

Question 2

Oste

Answer 2

Bone

Question 3

Clast

Answer 3

Something that breaks

Question 4

Crani

Answer 4

Helmet

Question 4

Blast

Answer 4

Precursor, produces

Question 5

Sutura

Answer 5

A sewing together

Question 6

Sinus

Answer 6

Hollow Cavity in a bone

Question 7

Crest

Answer 7

Narrow ridge

Question 8

Myel

Answer 8

Bone marrow

Question 9

Physis

Answer 9

Growth

Question 10

What are some relevant nursing actions related to the skeletal system?

Answer 10

• Manual Handling, e.g. transferring patients.
• Mobilising patients
• Risk assessment, e.g. pressure injury and falls
• Correct patient positioning
• Pressure care area

Question 11

What is osteoblast?

Answer 11

Produces new bone extracellular matrix (collagen and minerals).

Question 12

What is osteocyte?

Answer 12

Maintains the bone extracellular matrix (mature bone cell).

Question 13

What is osteoclast?

Answer 13

Breaks the bone extracellular matrix.

Question 14

Activation of which bone cell type would decrease the level of calcium in the blood?

Answer 14

Osteoblast

Question 15

Activation of which bone cell type would increase the level of calcium in the blood?

Answer 15

Osteoclast

Question 16

List the role(s) of calcium in the human body.

Answer 16

• Muscle contraction
• Nerve impulse formation
• Blood clotting
• Bone density

Question 17

Bone density declines when bones are not subjected to physical stress. Therefore, what is the reasoning behind a nurse performing passive limb exercises for an immobile patient?

Answer 17

• Moving limbs, causes muscles to pull upon bones via tendons
• This stimulates osteoblasts to produce bone extracellur matrix to maintain bone mass

Question 18

Heating bone removes the organic (collagen and adipose) component:
Would this leave the bone brittle or flexible?

Answer 18

• Adipose (lipid) and collagen (protein) drain out
• Bones left brittle due to remaining minerals

Question 19

What is the role of vitamin D?

Answer 19

Facilitate the absorption of dietary calcium across the wall of the small intestine into the blood.

Question 20

Soaking bone in a decalcifying solution would remove the minerals (calcium and phosphate):
Would this leave the bone brittle or flexible?

Answer 20

• Mineral (calcium) removed
• Bones soft and flexible due to collagen

Question 21

What food contains calcium in its most absorbable form?

Answer 21

• Cheese
• Yoghurt
• Milk
• Dairy Kefir

Question 22

What vitamin is required by osteoblasts (and fibroblasts) to synthesise the fibrous protein collagen?

Answer 22

Vitamin C

Question 23

List examples of foods that contain the most vitamin C?

Answer 23

• Kale
• Yellow pepper
• Kiwi
• Strawberries
• Tomato

Question 24

Which region of the long bone does osteoarthritis damages ?

Answer 24

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Question 25

Why is it more difficult to dislocate the femur from the pelvis (ball and socket joint) than the humerus from the scapula (ball and socket joint)?

Answer 25

Femur head articulate with deeper cavity (acetabulum) and held in place with more ligaments)

Question 26

List the four main structural features of a synovial joint.

Answer 26

1. Articular cartilage 2. Fibrous capsule 3. Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid 4. Ligaments to reinforce