Week 5 - Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Skelet

A

Dried up

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2
Q

Oste

A

Bone

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3
Q

Clast

A

Something that breaks

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4
Q

Crani

A

Helmet

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4
Q

Blast

A

Precursor, produces

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5
Q

Sutura

A

A sewing together

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6
Q

Sinus

A

Hollow Cavity in a bone

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7
Q

Crest

A

Narrow ridge

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8
Q

Myel

A

Bone marrow

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9
Q

Physis

A

Growth

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10
Q

What are some relevant nursing actions related to the skeletal system?

A
  • Manual Handling, e.g. transferring patients.
  • Mobilising patients
  • Risk assessment, e.g. pressure injury and falls
  • Correct patient positioning
  • Pressure care area
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11
Q

What is osteoblast?

A

Produces new bone extracellular matrix (collagen and minerals).

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12
Q

What is osteocyte?

A

Maintains the bone extracellular matrix (mature bone cell).

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13
Q

What is osteoclast?

A

Breaks the bone extracellular matrix.

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14
Q

Activation of which bone cell type would decrease the level of calcium in the blood?

A

Osteoblast

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15
Q

Activation of which bone cell type would increase the level of calcium in the blood?

A

Osteoclast

16
Q

List the role(s) of calcium in the human body.

A
  • Muscle contraction
  • Nerve impulse formation
  • Blood clotting
  • Bone density
17
Q

Bone density declines when bones are not subjected to physical stress. Therefore, what is the reasoning behind a nurse performing passive limb exercises for an immobile patient?

A
  • Moving limbs, causes muscles to pull upon bones via tendons
  • This stimulates osteoblasts to produce bone extracellur matrix to maintain bone mass
18
Q

Heating bone removes the organic (collagen and adipose) component:
Would this leave the bone brittle or flexible?

A
  • Adipose (lipid) and collagen (protein) drain out
  • Bones left brittle due to remaining minerals
19
Q

What is the role of vitamin D?

A

Facilitate the absorption of dietary calcium across the wall of the small intestine into the blood.

20
Q

Soaking bone in a decalcifying solution would remove the minerals (calcium and phosphate):
Would this leave the bone brittle or flexible?

A
  • Mineral (calcium) removed
  • Bones soft and flexible due to collagen
21
Q

What food contains calcium in its most absorbable form?

A
  • Cheese
  • Yoghurt
  • Milk
  • Dairy Kefir
22
Q

What vitamin is required by osteoblasts (and fibroblasts) to synthesise the fibrous protein collagen?

A

Vitamin C

23
Q

List examples of foods that contain the most vitamin C?

A
  • Kale
  • Yellow pepper
  • Kiwi
  • Strawberries
  • Tomato
24
Q

Which region of the long bone does osteoarthritis damages ?

A

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

25
Q

Why is it more difficult to dislocate the femur from the pelvis (ball and socket joint) than the humerus from the scapula (ball and socket joint)?

A

Femur head articulate with deeper cavity (acetabulum) and held in place with more ligaments)

26
Q

List the four main structural features of a synovial joint.

A
  1. Articular cartilage
  2. Fibrous capsule
  3. Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
  4. Ligaments to reinforce