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5033 > Week 9 Reverse Flashcards > Flashcards

Week 9 Reverse Flashcards

1
Q

Prototype mu-opioid receptor agonist; standard for opioid comparison.

A

Morphine: Classification

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2
Q

Metabolized by the liver; renal elimination of active metabolites.

A

Morphine: Pharmacokinetics

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3
Q

Respiratory depression, sedation, constipation, nausea, dependence.

A

Morphine: Adverse Effects

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4
Q

Prodrug of morphine; weak analgesic.

A

Codeine: Classification

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5
Q

Converted to morphine via CYP2D6; efficacy depends on metabolism.

A

Codeine: Pharmacokinetics

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6
Q

Risk of toxicity in ultrarapid metabolizers; black box warning in children.

A

Codeine: Adverse Effects

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7
Q

Semisynthetic opioid; used for moderate to severe pain.

A

Oxycodone: Classification

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8
Q

~2x the potency of morphine.

A

Oxycodone: Potency

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9
Q

Metabolized by CYP2D6 (to oxymorphone) and CYP3A4; drug interaction risk.

A

Oxycodone: Metabolism

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10
Q

Immediate-release and extended-release available.

A

Oxycodone: Formulations

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11
Q

Synthetic opioid; highly potent and lipophilic.

A

Fentanyl: Classification

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12
Q

80-100x the potency of morphine.

A

Fentanyl: Potency

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13
Q

Highly lipophilic; rapid onset and short duration (15-30 minutes IV).

A

Fentanyl: Pharmacokinetics

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14
Q

IV, transdermal patch, transmucosal/nasal for breakthrough cancer pain.

A

Fentanyl: Administration Routes

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15
Q

Not for opioid-niaeve patients; risk of chest wall rigidity with rapid IV infusion.

A

Fentanyl: Contraindications

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16
Q

Partial μ-opioid receptor agonist; kappa receptor antagonist.

A

Buprenorphine: Classification

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17
Q

Lower risk of respiratory depression than full agonists.

A

Buprenorphine: Ceiling Effect

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18
Q

Chronic pain (patch, buccal film) and opioid use disorder (sublingual, injection).

A

Buprenorphine: Uses

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19
Q

Metabolized by CYP3A4; risk of drug interactions.

A

Buprenorphine: Metabolism

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20
Q

Opioid antagonist; reverses opioid overdose.

A

Naloxone: Classification

21
Q

Short duration (30-90 minutes); may require repeat dosing.

A

Naloxone: Half-Life

22
Q

IV, IM, subcutaneous, intranasal.

A

Naloxone: Administration Routes

23
Q

Inhibit COX enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis.

A

NSAIDs: Mechanism of Action

24
Q

Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory.

A

NSAIDs: Effects

25
GI ulcers, renal impairment, cardiovascular risks.
NSAIDs: Adverse Effects
26
Irreversible COX-1 inhibitor; reduces thromboxane A2 production.
Aspirin: Mechanism of Action
27
Pain, inflammation, cardiovascular protection.
Aspirin: Uses
28
GI bleeding, Reye syndrome in children.
Aspirin: Adverse Effects
29
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS; minimal peripheral effects.
Acetaminophen: Mechanism of Action
30
Analgesic and antipyretic; lacks anti-inflammatory properties.
Acetaminophen: Uses
31
Hepatotoxic in overdose; antidote: N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
Acetaminophen: Toxicity
32
Block sodium channels to prevent nerve impulse transmission.
Local Anesthetics: Mechanism
33
Regional anesthesia, epidurals, nerve blocks.
Local Anesthetics: Uses
34
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST); CNS excitation, cardiovascular collapse.
Local Anesthetics: Toxicity
35
Amide local anesthetic; rapid onset, intermediate duration.
Lidocaine: Classification
36
Local anesthesia, antiarrhythmic therapy.
Lidocaine: Uses
37
Long-acting amide local anesthetic.
Bupivacaine: Classification
38
Epidural, spinal, and peripheral nerve blocks.
Bupivacaine: Uses
39
Higher cardiotoxicity risk than lidocaine.
Bupivacaine: Risks
40
Weak μ-opioid agonist; inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake.
Tramadol: Classification
41
Serotonin syndrome risk; associated with seizures in high doses.
Tramadol: Risks
42
Tolerance to one opioid may not fully transfer to another; requires dose adjustments.
Opioid Cross-Tolerance
43
Toxic levels cause CNS and cardiovascular toxicity; treated with lipid emulsion therapy.
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST)
44
Major risk with opioids; reversed with naloxone.
Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression
45
Switching opioids to improve pain control; requires dose adjustments due to incomplete cross-tolerance.
Opioid Rotation
46
Available without prescription in many states; recommended for chronic opioid users.
Naloxone Availability
47
Combining different analgesics to improve pain control and reduce opioid use.
Multimodal Analgesia
48
Includes PDMP monitoring, risk mitigation strategies, and patient education.
Safe Opioid Prescribing

5033 (20 decks)

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