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5033 > Week 9 Flashcards > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Morphine: Classification

A

Prototype mu-opioid receptor agonist; standard for opioid comparison.

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3
Q

Morphine: Pharmacokinetics

A

Metabolized by the liver; renal elimination of active metabolites.

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4
Q

Morphine: Adverse Effects

A

Respiratory depression, sedation, constipation, nausea, dependence.

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5
Q

Codeine: Classification

A

Prodrug of morphine; weak analgesic.

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6
Q

Codeine: Pharmacokinetics

A

Converted to morphine via CYP2D6; efficacy depends on metabolism.

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7
Q

Codeine: Adverse Effects

A

Risk of toxicity in ultrarapid metabolizers; black box warning in children.

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8
Q

Oxycodone: Classification

A

Semisynthetic opioid; used for moderate to severe pain.

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9
Q

Oxycodone: Potency

A

~2x the potency of morphine.

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10
Q

Oxycodone: Metabolism

A

Metabolized by CYP2D6 (to oxymorphone) and CYP3A4; drug interaction risk.

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11
Q

Oxycodone: Formulations

A

Immediate-release and extended-release available.

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12
Q

Fentanyl: Classification

A

Synthetic opioid; highly potent and lipophilic.

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13
Q

Fentanyl: Potency

A

80-100x the potency of morphine.

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14
Q

Fentanyl: Pharmacokinetics

A

Highly lipophilic; rapid onset and short duration (15-30 minutes IV).

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15
Q

Fentanyl: Administration Routes

A

IV, transdermal patch, transmucosal/nasal for breakthrough cancer pain.

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16
Q

Fentanyl: Contraindications

A

Not for opioid-niaeve patients; risk of chest wall rigidity with rapid IV infusion.

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17
Q

Buprenorphine: Classification

A

Partial μ-opioid receptor agonist; kappa receptor antagonist.

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18
Q

Buprenorphine: Ceiling Effect

A

Lower risk of respiratory depression than full agonists.

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19
Q

Buprenorphine: Uses

A

Chronic pain (patch, buccal film) and opioid use disorder (sublingual, injection).

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20
Q

Buprenorphine: Metabolism

A

Metabolized by CYP3A4; risk of drug interactions.

21
Q

Naloxone: Classification

A

Opioid antagonist; reverses opioid overdose.

22
Q

Naloxone: Half-Life

A

Short duration (30-90 minutes); may require repeat dosing.

23
Q

Naloxone: Administration Routes

A

IV, IM, subcutaneous, intranasal.

24
Q

NSAIDs: Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibit COX enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis.

25
NSAIDs: Effects
Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory.
26
NSAIDs: Adverse Effects
GI ulcers, renal impairment, cardiovascular risks.
27
Aspirin: Mechanism of Action
Irreversible COX-1 inhibitor; reduces thromboxane A2 production.
28
Aspirin: Uses
Pain, inflammation, cardiovascular protection.
29
Aspirin: Adverse Effects
GI bleeding, Reye syndrome in children.
30
Acetaminophen: Mechanism of Action
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS; minimal peripheral effects.
31
Acetaminophen: Uses
Analgesic and antipyretic; lacks anti-inflammatory properties.
32
Acetaminophen: Toxicity
Hepatotoxic in overdose; antidote: N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
33
Local Anesthetics: Mechanism
Block sodium channels to prevent nerve impulse transmission.
34
Local Anesthetics: Uses
Regional anesthesia, epidurals, nerve blocks.
35
Local Anesthetics: Toxicity
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST); CNS excitation, cardiovascular collapse.
36
Lidocaine: Classification
Amide local anesthetic; rapid onset, intermediate duration.
37
Lidocaine: Uses
Local anesthesia, antiarrhythmic therapy.
38
Bupivacaine: Classification
Long-acting amide local anesthetic.
39
Bupivacaine: Uses
Epidural, spinal, and peripheral nerve blocks.
40
Bupivacaine: Risks
Higher cardiotoxicity risk than lidocaine.
41
Tramadol: Classification
Weak μ-opioid agonist; inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake.
42
Tramadol: Risks
Serotonin syndrome risk; associated with seizures in high doses.
43
Opioid Cross-Tolerance
Tolerance to one opioid may not fully transfer to another; requires dose adjustments.
44
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST)
Toxic levels cause CNS and cardiovascular toxicity; treated with lipid emulsion therapy.
45
Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression
Major risk with opioids; reversed with naloxone.
46
Opioid Rotation
Switching opioids to improve pain control; requires dose adjustments due to incomplete cross-tolerance.
47
Naloxone Availability
Available without prescription in many states; recommended for chronic opioid users.
48
Multimodal Analgesia
Combining different analgesics to improve pain control and reduce opioid use.
49
Safe Opioid Prescribing
Includes PDMP monitoring, risk mitigation strategies, and patient education.

5033 (20 decks)

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