Week 8 Reverse Cards Flashcards by Amalia Gedney-Lose

H1 receptor antagonist.

1st Generation Antihistamine MOA

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Crosses BBB.

1st Generation Antihistamine PK

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Sedation, dry mouth.

1st Generation Antihistamine AE

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Allergic rhinitis, motion sickness.

1st Generation Antihistamine Indications

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Glaucoma, BPH.

1st Generation Antihistamine Contraindications

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CNS depression.

1st Generation Antihistmaine Monitoring

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H1 receptor antagonist.

2nd Gen Antihistamine MOA

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Minimal CNS penetration, non-sedating.

2nd Gen Antihistamine PK

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Headache, dizziness, mild drowsiness.

2nd Gen Antihistamine AE

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Allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria.

2nd Gen Antihistamine Indications

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Hypersensitivity to the drug.

2nd Gen Antihistamine Contraindications

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Allergy symptom relief.

2nd Gen Antihistamine Monitoring

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Leukotriene receptor antagonist reducing inflammation and bronchoconstriction.

Montelukast MOA

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High bioavailability, hepatic metabolism via CYP3A4 and CYP2C9.

Montelukast Pharmacokinetics

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Neuropsychiatric events (e.g., mood changes), headache.

Montelukast Adverse Effects

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Allergic rhinitis, asthma prophylaxis.

Montelukast Therapeutic Use

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Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Montelukast Contraindications

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Behavior changes, liver function.

Montelukast Monitoring

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Risk of serious neuropsychiatric events like suicidality.

Montelukast Black Box Warnings

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Suppresses medullary cough center via opioid receptor activation.

Codeine MOA

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Respiratory depression, asthma, children under age 12.

Codeine Contraindications

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Risk of addiction, respiratory depression, risk of death in ultra rapid metabolizers.

Codeine Black Box Warnings

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Require hand-breath coordination; use a propellant to deliver medication.

Metered-dose Inhaler (MDI)

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Breath-activated; require sufficient inspiratory effort.

Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)

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Deliver medication as a fine mist; ideal for patients unable to use MDIs or DPIs.

Nebuilzers

Attach to MDIs to improve medication delivery and reduce oropharyngeal deposition. Useful in patients with poor coordination or children.

Spacers

Convert liquid medication into aerosolized mist. Effective for patients in severe distress or those unable to use inhalers effectively.

Nebulizers

Minimize symptoms (e.g., wheezing, breathlessness); Improve quality of life and physical activity tolerance; Reduce frequency and severity of exacerbations; Opitmize lung function and slow disease progression.

Goals of Therapy

Suppresses inflammation by reducing synthesis of inflammatory mediators and decreasing airway mucosal edema.

Inhaled corticosteroid MOA

Low systemic bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism; metabolized by CYP3A4.

Inhaled corticosteroid Pharmacokinetics

Oropharyngeal candidiasis, dysphonia, potential adrenal suppression with long-term use.

Inhaled corticosteroid Adverse Effects

Maintenance therapy for asthma and COPD, not for acute exacerbations.

Inhaled corticosteroid indications

Hypersensitivity to the drug, untreated fungal infections.

Inhaled corticosteroid contraindications

Monitor for growth suppression in children, adrenal function, and symptom relief.

Inhaled corticosteroid monitoring

Activates β2-adrenergic receptors, causing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.

Albuterol MOA

Rapid onset (5-15 minutes), short duration (3-6 hours); metabolized by liver enzymes.

Albuterol Pharmacokinetics

Tachycardia, tremors, nervousness, hypokalemia, palpitations.

Albuterol Adverse Effects

Relief of acute bronchospasm in asthma and COPD.

Albuterol Therapeutic Use

Severe cardiovascular disease, hypersensitivity to albuterol.

Albuterol Contraindications

Monitor for cardiovascular side effects and symptom relief.

Albuterol Monitoring

LABA causing bronchodilation with faster onset than salmeterol.

Formoterol MOA

Onset in 1-3 minutes, duration ~12 hours; metabolized by CYP2D6 and CYP2C19.

Formoterol Pharmacokinetics

Tachycardia, tremors, nervousness, hypokalemia, increased asthma-related death risk when used as monotherapy.

Formoterol Adverse Effects

Maintenance therapy for asthma and COPD when combined with inhaled corticosteroids.

Formoterol Therapeutic Use

Asthma monotherapy, severe cardiovascular disease, hypersensitivity to the drug.

Formoterol Contraindications

Monitor for symptom control, cardiovascular effects, and adherence to combination therapy.

Formoterol Monitoring

Increased risk of asthma-related death when used as monotherapy.

Formoterol Black Box Warnings

Blocks muscarinic receptors, reducing bronchoconstriction.

Ipratropium MOA

Onset in 15 minutes, duration ~6 hours; minimal systemic absorption.

Ipratropium Pharmacokinetics

Dry mouth, pharyngeal irritation, urinary retention, increased intraocular pressure.

Ipratropium Adverse Effects

Maintenance therapy for COPD; off-label for asthma.

Ipratropium Therapeutic Use

Hypersensitivity to ipratropium or atropine derivatives.

Ipratropium Contraindications

Monitor for dry mouth, symptom control, and signs of urinary retention.

Ipratropium Monitoring

Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) causing prolonged bronchodilation.

Tiotropium MOA

Onset ~30 minutes, duration ~24 hours; minimal systemic absorption.

Tiotropium Pharmacokinetics

Dry mouth, pharyngeal irritation, urinary retention, increased intraocular pressure.

Tiotropium Adverse Effects

Maintenance therapy for COPD and severe asthma as an add-on therapy.

Tiotropium Therapeutic Use

Hypersensitivity to tiotropium or atropine derivatives.

Tiotropium Contraindications

Monitor for dry mouth, symptom control, and signs of urinary retention.

Tiotropium Monitoring

Albuterol, Levalbuterol.

Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs) Drugs in Class

Acute bronchospasm relief in asthma and COPD; exercise-induced bronchospasm prevention.

Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs) Clinical Indications/Use

Salmeterol, Formoterol, Arformoterol, Vilanterol (in combination inhalers).

Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (LABAs) Drugs in Class

Maintenance therapy for asthma (with ICS) and COPD; not for acute symptom relief.

Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (LABAs) Clinical Indications/Use

Ipratropium.

Short-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (SAMAs) Drugs in Class

Acute exacerbations of COPD; off-label for asthma.

Short-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (SAMAs) Clinical Indications/Use

Tiotropium, Aclidinium, Umeclidinium, Glycopyrrolate.

Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMAs) Drugs in Class

Maintenance therapy for COPD; off-label for severe asthma.

Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMAs) Clinical Indications/Use

Fluticasone, Budesonide, Mometasone, Beclomethasone, Ciclesonide.

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) Drugs in Class

Maintenance therapy for asthma; used in COPD patients with frequent exacerbations.

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) Clinical Indications/Uses