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5033 > Week 8 Flashcards > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

1st Generation Antihistamine MOA

A

H1 receptor antagonist.

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2
Q

1st Generation Antihistamine PK

A

Crosses BBB.

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3
Q

1st Generation Antihistamine AE

A

Sedation, dry mouth.

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4
Q

1st Generation Antihistamine Indications

A

Allergic rhinitis, motion sickness.

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5
Q

1st Generation Antihistamine Contraindications

A

Glaucoma, BPH.

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6
Q

1st Generation Antihistmaine Monitoring

A

CNS depression.

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7
Q

2nd Gen Antihistamine MOA

A

H1 receptor antagonist.

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8
Q

2nd Gen Antihistamine PK

A

Minimal CNS penetration, non-sedating.

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9
Q

2nd Gen Antihistamine AE

A

Headache, dizziness, mild drowsiness.

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10
Q

2nd Gen Antihistamine Indications

A

Allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria.

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11
Q

2nd Gen Antihistamine Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

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12
Q

2nd Gen Antihistamine Monitoring

A

Allergy symptom relief.

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13
Q

Montelukast MOA

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist reducing inflammation and bronchoconstriction.

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14
Q

Montelukast Pharmacokinetics

A

High bioavailability, hepatic metabolism via CYP3A4 and CYP2C9.

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15
Q

Montelukast Adverse Effects

A

Neuropsychiatric events (e.g., mood changes), headache.

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16
Q

Montelukast Therapeutic Use

A

Allergic rhinitis, asthma prophylaxis.

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17
Q

Montelukast Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

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18
Q

Montelukast Monitoring

A

Behavior changes, liver function.

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19
Q

Montelukast Black Box Warnings

A

Risk of serious neuropsychiatric events like suicidality.

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20
Q

Codeine MOA

A

Suppresses medullary cough center via opioid receptor activation.

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21
Q

Codeine Contraindications

A

Respiratory depression, asthma, children under age 12.

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22
Q

Codeine Black Box Warnings

A

Risk of addiction, respiratory depression, risk of death in ultra rapid metabolizers.

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23
Q

Metered-dose Inhaler (MDI)

A

Require hand-breath coordination; use a propellant to deliver medication.

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24
Q

Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)

A

Breath-activated; require sufficient inspiratory effort.

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25
Nebuilzers
Deliver medication as a fine mist; ideal for patients unable to use MDIs or DPIs.
26
Spacers
Attach to MDIs to improve medication delivery and reduce oropharyngeal deposition. Useful in patients with poor coordination or children.
27
Nebulizers
Convert liquid medication into aerosolized mist. Effective for patients in severe distress or those unable to use inhalers effectively.
28
Goals of Therapy
Minimize symptoms (e.g., wheezing, breathlessness); Improve quality of life and physical activity tolerance; Reduce frequency and severity of exacerbations; Opitmize lung function and slow disease progression.
29
Inhaled corticosteroid MOA
Suppresses inflammation by reducing synthesis of inflammatory mediators and decreasing airway mucosal edema.
30
Inhaled corticosteroid Pharmacokinetics
Low systemic bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism; metabolized by CYP3A4.
31
Inhaled corticosteroid Adverse Effects
Oropharyngeal candidiasis, dysphonia, potential adrenal suppression with long-term use.
32
Inhaled corticosteroid indications
Maintenance therapy for asthma and COPD, not for acute exacerbations.
33
Inhaled corticosteroid contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the drug, untreated fungal infections.
34
Inhaled corticosteroid monitoring
Monitor for growth suppression in children, adrenal function, and symptom relief.
35
Albuterol MOA
Activates β2-adrenergic receptors, causing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.
36
Albuterol Pharmacokinetics
Rapid onset (5-15 minutes), short duration (3-6 hours); metabolized by liver enzymes.
37
Albuterol Adverse Effects
Tachycardia, tremors, nervousness, hypokalemia, palpitations.
38
Albuterol Therapeutic Use
Relief of acute bronchospasm in asthma and COPD.
39
Albuterol Contraindications
Severe cardiovascular disease, hypersensitivity to albuterol.
40
Albuterol Monitoring
Monitor for cardiovascular side effects and symptom relief.
41
Formoterol MOA
LABA causing bronchodilation with faster onset than salmeterol.
42
Formoterol Pharmacokinetics
Onset in 1-3 minutes, duration ~12 hours; metabolized by CYP2D6 and CYP2C19.
43
Formoterol Adverse Effects
Tachycardia, tremors, nervousness, hypokalemia, increased asthma-related death risk when used as monotherapy.
44
Formoterol Therapeutic Use
Maintenance therapy for asthma and COPD when combined with inhaled corticosteroids.
45
Formoterol Contraindications
Asthma monotherapy, severe cardiovascular disease, hypersensitivity to the drug.
46
Formoterol Monitoring
Monitor for symptom control, cardiovascular effects, and adherence to combination therapy.
47
Formoterol Black Box Warnings
Increased risk of asthma-related death when used as monotherapy.
48
Ipratropium MOA
Blocks muscarinic receptors, reducing bronchoconstriction.
49
Ipratropium Pharmacokinetics
Onset in 15 minutes, duration ~6 hours; minimal systemic absorption.
50
Ipratropium Adverse Effects
Dry mouth, pharyngeal irritation, urinary retention, increased intraocular pressure.
51
Ipratropium Therapeutic Use
Maintenance therapy for COPD; off-label for asthma.
52
Ipratropium Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to ipratropium or atropine derivatives.
53
Ipratropium Monitoring
Monitor for dry mouth, symptom control, and signs of urinary retention.
54
Tiotropium MOA
Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) causing prolonged bronchodilation.
55
Tiotropium Pharmacokinetics
Onset ~30 minutes, duration ~24 hours; minimal systemic absorption.
56
Tiotropium Adverse Effects
Dry mouth, pharyngeal irritation, urinary retention, increased intraocular pressure.
57
Tiotropium Therapeutic Use
Maintenance therapy for COPD and severe asthma as an add-on therapy.
58
Tiotropium Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to tiotropium or atropine derivatives.
59
Tiotropium Monitoring
Monitor for dry mouth, symptom control, and signs of urinary retention.
60
Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs) Drugs in Class
Albuterol, Levalbuterol.
61
Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs) Clinical Indications/Use
Acute bronchospasm relief in asthma and COPD; exercise-induced bronchospasm prevention.
62
Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (LABAs) Drugs in Class
Salmeterol, Formoterol, Arformoterol, Vilanterol (in combination inhalers).
63
Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (LABAs) Clinical Indications/Use
Maintenance therapy for asthma (with ICS) and COPD; not for acute symptom relief.
64
Short-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (SAMAs) Drugs in Class
Ipratropium.
65
Short-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (SAMAs) Clinical Indications/Use
Acute exacerbations of COPD; off-label for asthma.
66
Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMAs) Drugs in Class
Tiotropium, Aclidinium, Umeclidinium, Glycopyrrolate.
67
Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMAs) Clinical Indications/Use
Maintenance therapy for COPD; off-label for severe asthma.
68
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) Drugs in Class
Fluticasone, Budesonide, Mometasone, Beclomethasone, Ciclesonide.
69
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) Clinical Indications/Uses
Maintenance therapy for asthma; used in COPD patients with frequent exacerbations.

5033 (20 decks)

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