week 9 - reproductive system Flashcards
ovaries
develop high in posterior abdominal wall then descend before birth, bringing vessels & nerves with them
almond shape and size
suspended in mesovarium
site of oestrogen and progesterone release
uterus positioning
found in lesser pelvis
superior to bladder
tipped anteriorly (anteverted) relative to vagina
flexed anteriorly to cervix (anteflexed)
uterus structure
the body - upper 2/3, 2 divisions
- fundus - roof
- isthmus
the cervix
layers of wall of body of uterus
perimetrium - outer layer, thin connective tissue
myometrium - middle, smooth muscle for contractile strength for labour and menstruation
endometrium - mucous lining proliferates and degenerates in menstrual cycle
uterine tubes
connect uterus to ovaries
end in finger like fimbrae that waft released ova into open end of tube
fertilisation occurs in tubes
cervix
opening to uterus
canal from vagina to uterus
inferior opening = external os
superior opening = internal os
between is the cervical canal
cervical canal
sperm travels through
during labour baby moves through dilated cervical canal
cervical mucus produced here
menstrual blood and uterine tissue exit through here
contraceptive methods act on cervix
vagina
musculo-membranous tube that connects uterus to external genitalia
superior end surrounds cervix
inferior end opens in vestibule (depression between labia minora)
breaks around cervix - forms vaginal fornices
vulva components
external part of clitoris (glans)
labia majora and minora
various skin folds
vestibule
clitoris
made of erectile tissue
formed of a body (internal) and glans
labia minora envelope clit (prepuce)
labia majora
hair lined skin folds
labia minora
hairless skin folds
vestibule
depression between labia minora
testes (male)
suspended in scrotum by spermatic cord
covered by a fibrous coat - tunica albuginea
internally divided into lobules by fibrous septa
within lobules there are coiled seminiferous tubules
tubules open into a network - rete testis
efferent ductules join rete testes to epididymis
epididymis (male)
long coiled tube posterior to testes (very compact to appears solid)
acts as storage and maturation site or spermatozoa
tail is continuous with ductus deferens, passes into spermatic cord
tunica vaginalis (male)
double layer of connective tissue - closed peritoneal sac
visceral layer is closely applied to testis, epididymis and inferior part part of ductus deferens
parietal layer extends further superiorly than the visceral layer and reaches into the distal spermatic cord
spermatic cord (male)
suspends testis in scrotum
contains structures running to and from the testis
covered by internal spermatic fascia
consists of - ductus deferens, blood vessels, sympathetic and somatic nerves, lymphatic vessels
ductus deferens (male)
continuation of epididymis
ascends in spermatic cord into abdominal cavity, loops over ureter and descends posterior to bladder
combines with duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicles (male)
secrete components of seminal fluid that mixes with sperm as they pass into ejaculatory ducts
alkaline fluid (65% of semen)
fructose, prostaglandins, coagulation factors
ejaculatory ducts
arise form ductus deferens and ducts of the seminal vesicles
open into urethra within prostate
prostate gland (male)
largest accessory gland of male reproductive system
base is closely related to neck of bladder
prostatic ducts open into the prostatic urethra
prostatic fluid is thin and milky (20% of semen)
aid mobility of sperm
bulbourethral glands (male)
inferior to prostate gland at level of membranous urethra
ducts open into spongy urethra after external urethral sphincter
secretion is transparent and viscous - pre-ejaculate
penis
contains erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum, corpora cavenosa)
fills with blood to become erect
consists of root, body, glans
frenulum (male)
connects skin of body penis to the glans penis
