week 9 - reproductive system

Question 1

ovaries

Answer 1

develop high in posterior abdominal wall then descend before birth, bringing vessels & nerves with them
almond shape and size
suspended in mesovarium
site of oestrogen and progesterone release

Question 2

uterus positioning

Answer 2

found in lesser pelvis
superior to bladder
tipped anteriorly (anteverted) relative to vagina
flexed anteriorly to cervix (anteflexed)

Question 3

uterus structure

Answer 3

the body - upper 2/3, 2 divisions
- fundus - roof
- isthmus
the cervix

Question 4

layers of wall of body of uterus

Answer 4

perimetrium - outer layer, thin connective tissue
myometrium - middle, smooth muscle for contractile strength for labour and menstruation
endometrium - mucous lining proliferates and degenerates in menstrual cycle

Question 5

uterine tubes

Answer 5

connect uterus to ovaries
end in finger like fimbrae that waft released ova into open end of tube
fertilisation occurs in tubes

Question 6

cervix

Answer 6

opening to uterus
canal from vagina to uterus
inferior opening = external os
superior opening = internal os
between is the cervical canal

Question 7

cervical canal

Answer 7

sperm travels through
during labour baby moves through dilated cervical canal
cervical mucus produced here
menstrual blood and uterine tissue exit through here
contraceptive methods act on cervix

Question 8

vagina

Answer 8

musculo-membranous tube that connects uterus to external genitalia
superior end surrounds cervix
inferior end opens in vestibule (depression between labia minora)
breaks around cervix - forms vaginal fornices

Question 9

vulva components

Answer 9

external part of clitoris (glans)
labia majora and minora
various skin folds
vestibule

Question 10

clitoris

Answer 10

made of erectile tissue
formed of a body (internal) and glans
labia minora envelope clit (prepuce)

Question 11

labia majora

Answer 11

hair lined skin folds

Question 12

labia minora

Answer 12

hairless skin folds

Question 13

vestibule

Answer 13

depression between labia minora

Question 14

testes (male)

Answer 14

suspended in scrotum by spermatic cord
covered by a fibrous coat - tunica albuginea
internally divided into lobules by fibrous septa
within lobules there are coiled seminiferous tubules
tubules open into a network - rete testis
efferent ductules join rete testes to epididymis

Question 15

epididymis (male)

Answer 15

long coiled tube posterior to testes (very compact to appears solid)
acts as storage and maturation site or spermatozoa
tail is continuous with ductus deferens, passes into spermatic cord

Question 16

tunica vaginalis (male)

Answer 16

double layer of connective tissue - closed peritoneal sac
visceral layer is closely applied to testis, epididymis and inferior part part of ductus deferens
parietal layer extends further superiorly than the visceral layer and reaches into the distal spermatic cord

Question 17

spermatic cord (male)

Answer 17

suspends testis in scrotum
contains structures running to and from the testis
covered by internal spermatic fascia
consists of - ductus deferens, blood vessels, sympathetic and somatic nerves, lymphatic vessels

Question 18

ductus deferens (male)

Answer 18

continuation of epididymis
ascends in spermatic cord into abdominal cavity, loops over ureter and descends posterior to bladder
combines with duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

Question 19

seminal vesicles (male)

Answer 19

secrete components of seminal fluid that mixes with sperm as they pass into ejaculatory ducts
alkaline fluid (65% of semen)
fructose, prostaglandins, coagulation factors

Question 20

ejaculatory ducts

Answer 20

arise form ductus deferens and ducts of the seminal vesicles
open into urethra within prostate

Question 21

prostate gland (male)

Answer 21

largest accessory gland of male reproductive system
base is closely related to neck of bladder
prostatic ducts open into the prostatic urethra
prostatic fluid is thin and milky (20% of semen)
aid mobility of sperm

Question 22

bulbourethral glands (male)

Answer 22

inferior to prostate gland at level of membranous urethra
ducts open into spongy urethra after external urethral sphincter
secretion is transparent and viscous - pre-ejaculate

Question 23

penis

Answer 23

contains erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum, corpora cavenosa)
fills with blood to become erect
consists of root, body, glans

Question 24

frenulum (male)

Answer 24

connects skin of body penis to the glans penis

Question 25

foreskin

Answer 25

fold of skin that covers the glans penis and can be retracted back