week 2 - pns

Question 1

ganglia

Answer 1

plural of ganglion, in the PNS they are groups or knots of cell bodies

Question 2

afferent nerves

Answer 2

nerves that carry information towards CNS

Question 3

efferent nerves

Answer 3

nerves that carry information away from CNS

Question 4

sympathetic response

Answer 4

prepares body for intense physical activity

Question 5

parasympathetic response

Answer 5

relaxes body and inhibits high energy function

Question 6

where are sympathetic cell bodies present

Answer 6

thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segments

Question 7

what chains do sympathetic cell bodies connect to

Answer 7

paravertebral ganglion chain
sympathetic chain
individual ganglia

Question 8

where are parasympathetic nerves located

Answer 8

near to target organ
not grouped together in a chain

Question 8

where do parasympathetic neurones arise from

Answer 8

cranial nerves
lumbo-sacral spinal cord

Question 9

autonomic nervous system

Answer 9

subconscious control of body
e.g. homeostasis
2 subdivisions - para/sympathetic

Question 10

somatic nervous system

Answer 10

conscious control of body

Question 11

somatic sensory (afferent) nerves

Answer 11

detect pain, temp, touch, proprioception

Question 12

somatic efferent nerves

Answer 12

motor to effector skeletal muscles

Question 13

precentral gyrus

Answer 13

in brain, origin of nerve signals initiating movement

Question 14

corticospinal tract

Answer 14

in spinal cord, mediator of message from brain to skeletal muscles

Question 15

spinal nerves

Answer 15

peripheral nerves that carry axons of neurons of somatic + autonomic nervous system to and from spinal cord

leave spinal cord below each vertebra

31 total

Question 16

which region do spinal nerves exit superior to vertebra

Answer 16

cervical region
C7 has one above and below

Question 17

dorsal root (posterior)

Answer 17

afferent/sensory
information to CNS

Question 18

ventral root (anterior)

Answer 18

efferent/motor
info from CNS

Question 19

plexus

Answer 19

network of vessels/nerves in body
spinal roots leave spinal cord and form spinal nerve, can blend with other nerves
peripheral nerves exiting plexus will have contributions from multiple spinal nerves

Question 20

dermatome

Answer 20

distinct area of skin

Question 21

myotome

Answer 21

group of muscles

Question 22

sciatic nerve

Answer 22

motor to muscles of posterior thigh
sensory/afferent from skin over lateral side of leg and skin on sole and dorsum of foot

Question 23

femoral nerve

Answer 23

motor to muscles of anterior thigh
sensory/afferent from anterior thigh and medial leg

Question 24

CNI

Answer 24

olfactory nerve innervates nasal mucosa, carries information related to smell

Question 25

CNII

Answer 25

optic nerve afferent for vision from the retina

Question 26

CNIII

Answer 26

oculomotor nerve somatic division controls movements of the eye and some control of eyelid. Autonomic division is motor to pupil constrictors

Question 27

CNIV

Answer 27

trochlear somatic: motor to one muscle that moves the eye

Question 28

CNV

Answer 28

trigeminal somatic: afferent from surface of face – senses touch from skin of face (dermatomes of the face). Motor efferent to muscles of mastication (myotomes)

Question 29

CNVI

Answer 29

abducent somatic: motor efferent to one muscle of the eye

Question 30

CNVII

Answer 30

facial nerve taste from anterior tongue and palate. somatic division: motor efferent to muscles of facial expression (myotomes). autonomic division: motor efferent to glands that secrete saliva

Question 31

CNVIII

Answer 31

vestibulochochlear nerve hearing from cochlea of ear. Balance from vestibular apparatus of ear

Question 32

CNIX

Answer 32

glossopharyngeal nerve taste from posterior tongue Somatic division: motor efferent to help with swallowing. Afferent sensation from external ear. Autonomic division: secretomotor to one saliva gland (parotid)

Question 33

CNX

Answer 33

vagus nerve Somatic division: motor to muscles of pharynx, larynx and palate. Autonomic division: parasympathetic innervation of smooth muscle in trachea, bronchi, GI tract and cardiac muscle. Afferent sensation from GI tract (base of tongue to intestines), heart and airways (pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi)

Question 34

CNXI

Answer 34

accessory nerve somatic: motor to two big muscles in the neck.

Question 35

CNXII

Answer 35

hypoglossal nerve somatic: motor to the muscles of the tongue

Question 36

bell's palsy

Answer 36

idiopathic palsy of CNVII one sided facial paralysis

Question 37

Guillain barre syndrome

Answer 37

can occur after infection immune system fights off infection but then attacks the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves symptoms include tingling sensation and muscle weakness in hands and feet first