week 3+4 - cardiovascular Flashcards
what muscle is heart made from
myocardium
contraction of ventricle
systole
relaxation of ventricle
diastole
what makes up the thoracic cage?
4 components
ribs, costal cartilage, sternum, thoracic vertebrae
mediastinum
central compartment of thorax between lungs
thoracic plane
imaginary line between sternal angle and T4 and T5
sternal angle
joint between manubrium and body of sternum
superior mediastinum
o,t,a,v,p,v,t,s
oesophagus
trachea
arch of aorta and branches
superior vena cava and tributanes
L + R phrenic and vagus nerves
thoracic duct
sympathetic chains
anterior mediastinum
fat
thymus
middle mediastinum
heart
pericardium
posterior mediastinum
da,o,t,a,s
descending aorta and branches
oesophagus
thoracic duct
azygos system of veins
sympathetic chains
phrenic nerves
supplies diaphragm
nerve roots from C3, C4, C5
azygos system of nerves
drains posterior thoracic wall
h shaped
sympathetic chains/trunk
sympathetic nervous system
external to spinal column
adjacent to vertebral bodies
one on each side of body
thoracic duct
lymphatic vessel for return of chyle/lymph to systemic venous system
drains lymph from lower limbs, abdomen and left side of body
pericardium
membrane that covers heart
2 layers
fibrous outer layer
inner thin serous layer
fibrous pericardium
continuous w great vessels adventitia
blended w central tendon of diaphragm
rigid structure
serous pericardium
analogous (similar to) pleural membrane
double layer - visceral and parietal
functions of pericardium
protection from infection
fixes heart in place and limits motion
lubrication
prevents rapid overfilling of heart
cardiac tamponade
blood/fluid accumulates in pericardium
compresses heart so ventricles can expand fully
pericarditis
inflammation of pericardium
dissecting aortic aneurysm
aortic dissection is a serious condition in which a tear occurs in the inner layer of the body’s main artery (aorta). Blood rushes through the tear, causing the inner and middle layers of the aorta to split (dissect)
acute myocardial infarction
life-threatening condition that occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is abruptly cut off, also known as a heart attack
Pericardiocentesis
a procedure done to remove fluid that has built up in the sac around the heart (pericardium). It’s done using a needle and small catheter to drain excess fluid
superior vena cava (R)
de-oxygenated blood to right atrium from above heart