Week 9 Quiz

Question 1

Identify the potential fuel sources that can be used in the aerobic metabolism pathway.

a. Glycogen from storage.
b. Free fatty acids.
c. All listed options can be used to fuel aerobic metabolism.
d. Pyruvic acid.
e. Glucose.

Answer 1

c. All listed options can be used to fuel aerobic metabolism.

Question 2

Which metabolic term refers to the breakdown of glycogen into individual glucose monomers (such as is initiated in the liver by the hormone glucagon)?

a. Glycogenesis.
b. Glycogenolysis.
c. Glycolysis.
d. Gluconeogenesis.

Answer 2

b. Glycogenolysis.

Question 3

What process(es) must occur to ‘repay’ oxygen debt created during exercise?

a. All listed options are part of repaying O2 debt.
b. Building glycogen molecules.
c. Replenishment of ATP and creatine phosphate stores
d. Conversion of lactic acid back to glucose or glycogen at the liver.
e. Establishing oxygen reserves on myoglobin, hemoglobin and dissolved forms in plasma and interstitial fluids.

Answer 3

a. All listed options are part of repaying O2 debt.

Question 4

If a person aims to create flexion about the elbow with muscle is the agonist?

a. Brachialis.
b. Biceps brachii.
c. Brachioradialis.
d. Triceps brachii.

Answer 4

b. Biceps brachii.

Question 5

As a result of fermentation what substance must be converted back to glucose at the liver as part of recovery?

a. Pyruvate.
b. ATP.
c. Glycogen.
d. Glucose.
e. Lactic acid

Answer 5

e. Lactic acid

Question 6

Which metabolic term refers to the production of glucose from a substance that was previously not a carbohydrate (such as from fat or protein sources)?

a. Glycogenesis.
b. Glycogenolysis.
c. Glycolysis.
d. Gluconeogenesis

Answer 6

d. Gluconeogenesis

Question 7

Which enzyme pulls a phosphate group from ADP and adds it to another ADP to make ATP?

a. Adenylate kinase.
b. Creatine kinase

Answer 7

A. Adenylate Kinase
2ADP → ATP + AMP

Question 8

Why don’t the cross-bridges attach to the thin filaments when a muscle is relaxed?

a. Because no ATP is present.
b. Because they attach to thick filaments and because no ATP is present.
c. Because they attach to the thick filaments instead.
d. They do attach but not as strongly.
e. The binding sites on the thin filaments are covered with protein

Answer 8

e. The binding sites on the thin filaments are covered with protein

Question 9

Can VO2max be improved?

a. No, VO2max is based upon characteristics that we cannot regulate (age, sex, body size, muscle mass, genetics) and therefore VO2max cannot be altered.
b. Yes, with training a person can alter this value.

Answer 9

b. Yes, with training a person can alter this value.

Question 10

Which metabolic term refers to the formation of glycogen from many glucose monomers?

a. Glycogenesis.
b. Glycolysis.
c. Gluconeogenesis.
d. Glycogenolysis

Answer 10

a. Glycogenesis.

Question 11

When would the muscle extensor digitorum be an agonist?

a. Never, each muscle is either an agonist or antagonist they do not switch roles.
b. During extension of the fingers and wrist.
c. During flexion of the fingers and wrist

Answer 11

b. During extension of the fingers and wrist.

Question 12

Which process refers to metabolism forming ATP without oxygen consumption at the mitochondria?

a. Anaerobic metabolism.
b. Aerobic metabolism.

Answer 12

a. Anaerobic metabolism.

Question 13

If a person’s VO2max was 42 ml/kg/min identify the one conclusion that is most likely true about this individual.

a. The individual is old.
b. The individual is small.
c. The person is male.
d. The person is poorly trained.
e. The individual has low muscle mass

Answer 13

c. The person is male.

Question 14

What statement is no longer a favored explanation for the process leading to muscle fatigue.

a. ATP is used up in membrane pumps associated with resetting resting membrane potential leading to reduced excitability of cells.
b. Neurotransmitter supply can become exhausted and signaling ability can diminish.
c. Glycogen stores deplete during prolonged activity reducing available fuel.
d. Lactic acid can build up in muscle leading to fatigue sensation

Answer 14

d. Lactic acid can build up in muscle leading to fatigue sensation

Question 15

Identify the steps of the muscle contraction process that cost ATP to perform.

a. Storing calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
b. All listed options cost ATP in this process.
c. The cross-bridge cycle.
d. Establishing the resting membrane potential in the motor neurons.
e. Establishing the resting membrane potential in the skeletal muscle

Answer 15

b. All listed options cost ATP in this process.

Question 16

What is another name for the prime mover for a particular motion?

a. Antagonist.
b. Protagonist.
c. Agonist.
d. Synergist

Answer 16

c. Agonist.

Question 17

Electrical excitation of a muscle fiber at the sarcolemma most directly causes the:

a. Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
b. Movement of tropomyosin.
c. Attachment of the cross-bridges to actin.
d. Splitting of ATP to produce ADP and a phosphate ion.

Answer 17

a. Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 18

Approximately how much of the ATP needs are met by aerobic metabolism during resting conditions up through moderate exercise?

a. 25%.
b. 95%.
c. 75%.
d. 50%

Answer 18

b. 95%.

Question 19

Which aspect (process) of muscle metabolism has the ability to support an initial 8-10 seconds of vigorous activity, and/or is described as direct phosphorylation?

a. Only glycolysis and aerobic respiration count as direct phosphorylation.
b. The process of anaerobic respiration (glycolysis).
c. The process catalyzed by creatine kinase or adenylate kinase.
d. The process of aerobic respiration.
e. The cumulative processes of all listed options

Answer 19

c. The process catalyzed by creatine kinase or adenylate kinase.