Week 7 Flashcards
Articulation
Joint -
site where two or more bones meet
Functions of Joints
Gives skeleton mobility
Holds skeleton together - stability
Functional Classification of Joints
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
Structural Classification of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Synarthroses
immovable
Amphiarthroses
slightly moveable
Diarthroses
freely moveable
Fibrous joints
collagen holds things together - strong
axial skeleton
Cartilaginous joints
connecting together
flexible
vertebral column discs
axial skeleton
Synovial joint
A lot more motion
Appendicular skeleton
Three types of fibrous joints
Where movement is not ideal
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses
Sutures
Fibrous
Where cranial bones join together
Syndomoses
holding together of bones
Stability
Tibia and fibula
Gomphoses
alveolar margin - socket of the mandible and maxilla and the feature of the tooth fitting into it.
Held together by the periodontal ligament
Synchondrosis
Synarthrotic cartilage to bone do not move
1st sternocostal joint (bar or plate of hyaline cartilage)
rest of ribs to sternum are considered synovial
Epiphyseal plates are synchondrosese too
Symphyses
amphiarthrotic joint
hyaline (articular) cartilage sandwiches fibrocartilage pad
Articular Cartilage
(AC) hyaline cartilage
Joint cavity
potential space
Articular capsule
encloses space
lined with synovial membrane producing synovial fluid
Reinforcing ligaments
ligaments - bone to bone
Can be intra or extracapsular
Nerves & blood vessels
nerve fibers monitor position & stretch - to help what the body is doing
Detects pain
Menisci
articular discs
Cartilage pad between bones allows different shapes to fit together
Bursa
not actually part of synovial joint but
often closely associated
Flat fibrous sacs act like ball bearings…eliminates friction
Synovial Distinguishing Features
- Articular Cartilage
- Joint Cavity
- Articular capsule
- Reinforcing Ligaments
- Nerves & blood vessels
- Menisci
- Bursa
3 stabilizing factors at synovial joints
Shapes of articular surfaces (minor role)
Ligament number and location (limited role)
Muscle tone which keeps tendons that cross the joint taut
Movements of synovial joints
Gliding
Angular movements
Rotation
Special movements
Gliding movements at synovial joints
vertebra
intercarpals
intertarsals
flatter portion - waving
Angular movements at synovial joints
- Flexion, extension, hyperextension (neck, vertebral column)
- Abduction, adduction (arms)
- Circumduction - cone in space
one point stationary
Rotation
C1 & C2
medial and lateral rotation
humerus & femur
Special movements
Supination - pronation
Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion of the foot
Inversion, eversion
Classifications by shape of synovial joints
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and socket
Plane
nonaxial - wrist wave
flat articular surfaces
short gliding movements
Hinge
uniaxial - elbow
motion along a single plane
Flexion and extension only
Pivot
uniaxial - waving from the elbow
Rounded end of one bone conforms to a sleeve or ring of another bone
Condyloid
biaxial - bones of finger
curvature - fossa
both articular surfaces are oval
permit all angular movements
Saddle
biaxial - thumb
Allow greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints
Each articular surface has both concave and convex areas
Ball and Socket
multiaxial - shoulder
the most freely moving synovial joints
Three bones that conform to make the knee
Femur
patella
tibia
Three joints formed in the knee
- Femorpartellar joint (plane Joint)
- Tibiofemoral joints (medial & lateral between condyles and menisci
- Bicondylar - hinge joint
