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BIO 231 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Articulation

A

Joint -
site where two or more bones meet

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2
Q

Functions of Joints

A

Gives skeleton mobility
Holds skeleton together - stability

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3
Q

Functional Classification of Joints

A

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

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4
Q

Structural Classification of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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5
Q

Synarthroses

A

immovable

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6
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

slightly moveable

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7
Q

Diarthroses

A

freely moveable

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8
Q

Fibrous joints

A

collagen holds things together - strong
axial skeleton

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9
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

connecting together
flexible
vertebral column discs
axial skeleton

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10
Q

Synovial joint

A

A lot more motion
Appendicular skeleton

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11
Q

Three types of fibrous joints
Where movement is not ideal

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

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12
Q

Sutures

A

Fibrous
Where cranial bones join together

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13
Q

Syndomoses

A

holding together of bones
Stability
Tibia and fibula

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14
Q

Gomphoses

A

alveolar margin - socket of the mandible and maxilla and the feature of the tooth fitting into it.
Held together by the periodontal ligament

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15
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Synarthrotic cartilage to bone do not move
1st sternocostal joint (bar or plate of hyaline cartilage)
rest of ribs to sternum are considered synovial
Epiphyseal plates are synchondrosese too

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16
Q

Symphyses

A

amphiarthrotic joint
hyaline (articular) cartilage sandwiches fibrocartilage pad

17
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

(AC) hyaline cartilage

18
Q

Joint cavity

A

potential space

19
Q

Articular capsule

A

encloses space
lined with synovial membrane producing synovial fluid

20
Q

Reinforcing ligaments

A

ligaments - bone to bone
Can be intra or extracapsular

21
Q

Nerves & blood vessels

A

nerve fibers monitor position & stretch - to help what the body is doing
Detects pain

22
Q

Menisci

A

articular discs
Cartilage pad between bones allows different shapes to fit together

23
Q

Bursa

A

not actually part of synovial joint but
often closely associated
Flat fibrous sacs act like ball bearings…eliminates friction

24
Q

Synovial Distinguishing Features

A
  1. Articular Cartilage
  2. Joint Cavity
  3. Articular capsule
  4. Reinforcing Ligaments
  5. Nerves & blood vessels
  6. Menisci
  7. Bursa
25
Q

3 stabilizing factors at synovial joints

A

Shapes of articular surfaces (minor role)
Ligament number and location (limited role)
Muscle tone which keeps tendons that cross the joint taut

26
Q

Movements of synovial joints

A

Gliding
Angular movements
Rotation
Special movements

27
Q

Gliding movements at synovial joints

A

vertebra
intercarpals
intertarsals
flatter portion - waving

28
Q

Angular movements at synovial joints

A
  1. Flexion, extension, hyperextension (neck, vertebral column)
  2. Abduction, adduction (arms)
  3. Circumduction - cone in space
    one point stationary
29
Q

Rotation

A

C1 & C2
medial and lateral rotation
humerus & femur

30
Q

Special movements

A

Supination - pronation
Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion of the foot
Inversion, eversion

31
Q

Classifications by shape of synovial joints

A

Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and socket

32
Q

Plane

A

nonaxial - wrist wave
flat articular surfaces
short gliding movements

33
Q

Hinge

A

uniaxial - elbow
motion along a single plane
Flexion and extension only

34
Q

Pivot

A

uniaxial - waving from the elbow
Rounded end of one bone conforms to a sleeve or ring of another bone

35
Q

Condyloid

A

biaxial - bones of finger
curvature - fossa
both articular surfaces are oval
permit all angular movements

36
Q

Saddle

A

biaxial - thumb
Allow greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints
Each articular surface has both concave and convex areas

37
Q

Ball and Socket

A

multiaxial - shoulder
the most freely moving synovial joints

38
Q

Three bones that conform to make the knee

A

Femur
patella
tibia

39
Q

Three joints formed in the knee

A
  1. Femorpartellar joint (plane Joint)
  2. Tibiofemoral joints (medial & lateral between condyles and menisci
  3. Bicondylar - hinge joint

BIO 231 (11 decks)

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