Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 231 > Week 8 - Basics of Muscle Tissues > Flashcards

Week 8 - Basics of Muscle Tissues Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four special characteristics of muscle tissues?

A

Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four basic muscle functions?

A

Movement of bones or fluids
Maintaining posture & body positioning
Stabilizing joints
Heat generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Excitability

A

Ability to receive and respond to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contractility

A

ability to shorten when stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Extensibility

A

ability to be stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Elasticity

A

ability to recoil to resting length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three types of Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Attaches to bone and skin
Striated
Voluntary
Long and multi nucleated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Walls of the heart
Striated
involuntary
Branching, intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Walls of hollow organs
Not striated
involuntary
Short, spindle, football shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epimysium

A

surrounds entire muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Perimysium

A

surrounds fascicles
(groups of muscle fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endomysium

A

surrounds each muscle fiber (cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Muscles attach Directly -

A

epimysium fused to periosteum or perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscles attach Indirectly -

A

connective tissue extend beyond muscle as tendon or aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fascia
Skeletal muscle surrounded by fascia -

A

thin fibrous C.T. sheath for reinforcement, passage for nerves, blood vessels & attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Muscle - structure and organization

A

100s-1000s of cells wrapped in C.T. with blood and nerves.
Epimysium surrounds muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fascicle - structure and organization

A

portion of the muscle
bundle of cells wrapped in C.T. sheath
Perimysium surrounds fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Muscle Fiber Cell - structure and organization

A

Long, multinucleate with mitochondria
Striated appearance
Endomysium surrounds each cell
Sarcolemma - cell membrane
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - stores Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Muscle cell (muscle fiber) contains

A

many myofibrils, mitochondrion, wrapped in sarcolemma (membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Myofibril

A

striations are evident

22
Q

Sarcomere is a

A

muscle segment

23
Q

Sarcomere components

A

Smallest contractile (functional) unit
Composed of myofilaments (actin and myosin)
Bands have names (A, H, I)
Z-Discs - edge of sarcomere

24
Q

Z-Discs

A

Edges of sarcomere

25
Q

How is the muscle organized from largest to smallest

A

Epimysium
Muscle
Perimysium
Fascicle
Endomysium
Sarcolemma
Muscle Fiber
Myofibril
Sarcomere
Filaments

26
Q

Thick filament

A

Myosin

27
Q

Thin filament

A

Actin

28
Q

Thick filament has ..

A

Myosin protein
Myosin heads form Cross Bridges
Contain binding sites for Actin & ATP
ATPase Enzyme

29
Q

ATPase enzyme

A

an enzyme that breaks down the third phosphate group off the ATP.
Breaking that bond releases the energy that myosin uses to make the muscle contraction work

30
Q

Thin filament has

A

F (fibrous) actin protein consisting of G (globular) actin subunits
G-actin bears active sites for myosin head binding
Tropomyosin and troponin are regulatory proteins

31
Q

What does troponin do

A

holds the tropomyosin in place (long strand of protein winding around actin)

32
Q

What does tropomyosin do

A

Normally blocks the active site on the actin subunits

33
Q

Membrane Potential is/has

A

Created by separation of charge
has Na+/K+ pumps & Gradients
has potential energy measured in volts (mV)

34
Q

With Action Potential, which way does each ion want to move if a channel opens

A

Sodium moves in to the cell causing depolarization
Potassium moves out of cell causing repolarization

35
Q

Motor Command

A

Cerebullum

36
Q

Action Potential

A

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

37
Q

Origin of muscles

A

Is the more stationary point of attachment

38
Q

Insertion point of muscles

A

Is the more mobile point of attachment

39
Q

Belly of the muscle

A

Is the central portion of the muscle

40
Q

Synapses

A

A gap between nerve cells

41
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

a chemical used to carry a signal from an axon to a receptor cell to pass along a message

42
Q

ATPase enzyme

A

enzyme that breaks 3rd phosphate off to change conformation of myosin head, and thus allows the myosin head to create cross-bridges within actin active subunits

43
Q

Globular Actin subunits

A

the blueberry components of actin that bind together to form the F (fibrous) actin

44
Q

Troponin

A

the site where calcium ions bind allowing troponin to change its grip on tropomyosin which moves tropomyosin to uncover the actin active sites

45
Q

Actin

A

thin filament
Consists of two strands of actin subunits
twisted into a helix
has two regulatory proteins -
troponin
tropomyosin

46
Q

Smooth ER

A

surrounds each myofibril
modified form of smooth ER called the sarcoplasmic reticulum

47
Q

Terminal Cisternae

A

part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (wider region)
Used for calcium storage

48
Q

Sarcolemma

A

the plasma membrane of muscle fibers

49
Q

triads

A

pair of terminal cisternae
T-Tubule

when an action potential travels down the sarcolemma of a muscle cell
Causes the the releases of calcium from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum

50
Q

Excitement-Contraction (E-C) Coupling

A

AP transmission along sarcolemma leading to sliding of the myofilament then muscle contraction
Steps of the contraction cycle & relates to rigor mortis and muscle cramping

51
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

Stiffness of death

BIO 231 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions