Week 9 Psyc 122

Question 1

Salience Bias

Answer 1

If something is more present and comes to mind faster

Question 2

Confirmation Bias

Answer 2

A bias that that leads people to seek out information that confirms their existing belief

Question 3

Tversky and Kahneman

Answer 3

We base judgements/decisions on heuristics

Question 4

When is confirmation bais strongest

Answer 4

Emotional issues

Question 5

Heuristics

Answer 5

Mental shortcuts for quick decisions
strategies that our brian uses in complex situations to arrive at a solution quickly

Question 6

Two types of heuristics

Answer 6

Representativeness Heuristics
The availability heuristics

Question 7

Representativeness Heuristics

Answer 7

Judgeing something on how well it matches the prototype or sterotype

Question 8

Availability Heuristics

Answer 8

Judging something based on how easily examples come to mind (salience bias)

Question 9

Schemas

Answer 9

mental knowledge structures

Question 10

Scripts

Answer 10

Common action routines

Question 11

Important purpose of Heuristics

Answer 11

logical thought costs time and mental resources therefore automatic processes are the best way to approach the world

Question 12

Dan Kahneman fast and slow processes

Answer 12

Fast - automatic, draws on concepts, routines and rules of thumb acquired through practice

Slow - effortful, needed in unfmailiar situations, crucial in precision

Question 13

Cost to Fast processes

Answer 13

gaining expertise in a process for it to be a fast process comes with a cost of time and effort

Question 14

Consiousness thought

Answer 14

resource intensive, requires effort, filtering out distractions

Question 15

Iceberg concept

Answer 15

We have mental processes that reach your awareness and cognitive processes beneath your awareness

Question 16

Modes of thinking

Answer 16

Open ended (reflection)
Goal directed

Question 17

What do we need open-ended thinking for

Answer 17

• mind wandering
• integrating past and present
• imagination, creative thinking
• episodic future thinking (creating scenarios for future thinking)

Question 18

Goal directed thinking

Answer 18

• must maintain information and work on it in some way
• requires mental effort, concentration
• engage a wide network of brain structures

Question 19

What brain network does open ended thinking use

Answer 19

The default mode network

Question 20

What brain network does gold directed thinking use

Answer 20

Executive control network

Question 21

Hot Cognition

Answer 21

The mental processes involved in making judgements and decisions in situations involving strong emotion

Question 22

Hot Cognition examples

Answer 22

• making choices based on preferences
• repsonding appropriatly to socially sensitive situations
• understanding how other people may feel in a situation

Question 23

What happened to michael

Answer 23

Damaged frontal lobe
He still is very intelligent but has poor judgement decisions

Question 24

Damasio’s Somantic Marker Hypothesis

Answer 24

This brain region binds memories together with their emotional associations

Question 25

Cold cognition

Answer 25

decision making processes driven by reason and logic with minial emotional influence