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PSYC121 & 122 > SAFMEDS > Flashcards

SAFMEDS Flashcards

1
Q

A procedure by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after it is paired with a stimulus that automatically elicits that response

A

Classical Conditioning

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2
Q

The process of teaching a new behaviour by reinforcing closer and closer approximations of the desired response

A

Shaping

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3
Q

The process by which our behaviours transfer to new situations or stimuli that we did not directly learn about

A

Generalisation

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4
Q

Specialized cells in the nervous system that support the integrity of neurons

A

Glia

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5
Q

A factor that varies systematically between experimental conditions, but is not the variable of interest

A

Confound

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6
Q

An experimental design where each participant only takes part in a single experimental condition

A

Between Subject Design

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7
Q

Chemicals secreted by neurons allowing information to be transmitted between cells

A

Neurotransmitter

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8
Q

Brain structures located in the lower side portion of the cortex that are important in audition (hearing) and language

A

Temporal Lobes

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9
Q

An extension of the spinal cord, essential to life, controlling vital physiological functions such as heartbeat, circulation, and respiration

A

Medulla

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10
Q

A branch of the autonomic nervous system, typically activated in response to threats to the organisms, which readies the body for ‘fight-or-flight’ reactions

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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11
Q

Gestalt Laws
A set of principles that describe how sensory inputs are organised into meaningful patterns

A

Gestalt Laws

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12
Q

The organisation of changing sensory inputs into percepts that are relatively stable in size, shape and colour

A

Perceptual Constancy

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13
Q

The conscious “work-space” used for processing, retrieving, and manipulating information

A

Working Memory

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14
Q

Better memory for information that is presented at the beginning and end of a sequence

A

Serial-Position Effects

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15
Q

Those mental processes we engage when deciding how to act in a complex or novel situation where there might be significant immediate rewards or punishments

A

Hot Cognitive Control

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16
Q

The measurement of electrical signals associated with muscle movements; commonly used to record facial expressions of emotion

A

Electromyography

17
Q

A form of logical thinking where children understand that physical properties of objects remain unchanged even when their appearance changes

A

Conservation

18
Q

A statement of the possible relationship between two variables, which is well grounded in what we already know

A

Hypothesis

19
Q

The response an experimenter measures to see if the experimental manipulation has had an effect

A

Dependent Variable

20
Q

The process whereby a behaviour is made more likely because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus

A

Negative Reinforcement

21
Q

The non-delivery of reinforcers maintaining undesirable behaviour

A

Extinction

22
Q

The part of a neuron that includes the nucleus (which contains the genetic material) and other organelles, vital to cell functioning

A

Cell Body

23
Q

Protein molecules in cells to which neurotransmitters can bind and pass information to other cells

A

Receptors

24
Q

Brain structures located in the rear portion of the cortex, involved in vision

A

Occipital Lobes

25
Q

A structure deep in the temporal lobes that is crucial for acquiring and retrieving memories for events or experiences

A

Hippocampus

26
Q

A technique for measuring the structure of the brain or its activity during a particular task

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

27
Q

Psychophysical law which states that the just noticeable difference between two stimuli is proportional to their intensity

A

Weber’s Law

28
Q

Perceptual processing that is driven by our memory or knowledge of the world

A

Top-Down Processing

29
Q

Old information interfering with the retrieval of new information

A

Temporal lobes

30
Q

Superior memory for information rehearsed in sessions spread-out over longer testing intervals

A

Spacing Effect

31
Q

The process of teaching a new behaviour by reinforcing closer and closer approximations of the desired response

A

Valence

32
Q

A sub-cortical brain structure that is a central component in emotional brain networks

A

Amygdala

PSYC121 & 122 (12 decks)

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