Week 9 - Oral Motor Function

Question 1

tactile stimuli from the cheek from the lip towards ears - baby turns head towards stimuli, won’t usually see this after baby is fed (occurs a lot when baby is hungry). diminishes after 4 months

Answer 1

rooting reflex

Question 2

put finger in baby’s mouth where molars are supposed to be, put it on gum, want to see an up and down symmetrical bite, if there is no reaction whatsoever the baby might be hypotonic. if bite is very strong the baby might be hypertonic. diminishes after 4 months

Answer 2

bite reflex

Question 3

take tongue and put it on back of front teeth, move it all the way down palate to back of throat. behind teeth, slowly moves back as baby puts hands and feet, etc. in mouth. never diminishes just moves down

Answer 3

gag reflex

Question 4

put something in mouth on tongue and tongue hits palate - usually bursts of sucking and then a swallow

Answer 4

suck/swallow reflex

Question 5

little blisters on lips; enlarges lips at beginning of life so they can latch on and helps with sucking, usually diminishes by 6 months but last longer in breastfeeding babies

Answer 5

lip seal

Question 6

little blisters on lips; enlarges lips at beginning of life so they can latch on and helps with sucking, usually diminishes by 6 months but last longer in breastfeeding babies

Answer 6

lip seal

Question 7

when does the fetus seek oral stimulation?

Answer 7

by the 3rd month of gestation (12 weeks)

Question 8

how does the fetus find oral input?

Answer 8

from the amniotic fluid sucking and swallowing in the womb

Question 9

the ____/____ within the oral cavity tells the brain where the mouth begins and ends.

Answer 9

pressure/movement

Question 10

provide opportunities for non-nutritive sucking and have a static shape.

Answer 10

pacifiers

Question 11

describe normal muscle tone of the mouth.

Answer 11

• development occurs spontaneously.
• skills which begin at the front and center of mouth will gradually change to include movement at the lateral and posterior areas.
• finally, rotational movements develop.

Question 12

describe abnormal muscle tone of the mouth.

Answer 12

• muscles are not coordinated and do not give consistent pressures within the mouth.
• primitive reflexes remain and become pathological resulting in abnormal oral patterns.
• infants may have not progressed from pureed or soft foods, and do not receive input to the jaw through chewing.
• the posterior area of the mouth may be receiving little or no input. gagging (with or without vomiting) may result

Question 13

difficulty in swallowing caused by:

• sensation of difficulty in passage of solids/liquids from mouth to stomach
• lack of pharyngeal sensation
• various inadequacies of swallowing mechanism

Answer 13

dysphagia

Question 14

name the 3 phases of swallowing.

Answer 14

• oral phase
• pharyngeal phase
• esophageal phase

Question 15

tongue collects food/liquid, tongue and jaw move solids in/around mouth, chewing

Answer 15

oral phase

Question 16

tongue pushes food/liquid to back of mouth - triggers swallowing response to pharynx/throat - breathing stops, voice box closes tightly.

Answer 16

pharyngeal phase

Question 17

food/liquid enters the esophagus - 3 seconds.

Answer 17

esophageal phase

Question 18

name 6 treatments for dysphagia.

Answer 18

• thickening fluids (no aspiration)
• jaw control - weak tongue/cheeks
• visual presentation of food - setting
• facilitate position of body.
• flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and sensory test.
• swallow study video xray

Question 19

name 6 aspects of assessment of observation of oral motor function.

Answer 19

• muscle tone - rest, spontaneous movement
• facial expression - eye contact
• different positions
• overall strength and endurance
• oral cavity
• oral sensitivity

Question 20

pulled back, tight, stiff, no movement

Answer 20

cheeks - hyper

Question 21

flaccid, can’t hold the food

Answer 21

cheeks - hypo

Question 21

flaccid, can’t hold the food

Answer 21

cheeks - hypo

Question 22

how can you increase tone of cheeks?

Answer 22

pull cheek with 2 fingers

Question 23

high with tongue pushing up

Answer 23

pallate - hyper

Question 24

shallow flat, straight

Answer 24

pallate - hypo

Question 25

grimace, lip retraction, thin - no seal, losses liquid, lip pursing

Answer 25

lips - hyper

Question 26

drooling, open mouth, no tone

Answer 26

lips - hypo

Question 27

tongue thrust or humping in back of mouth, tight curled up behind or out sharp

Answer 27

tongue - hyper

Question 28

attached to tongue - no real separation.

Answer 28

jaw

Question 29

___ ___ leads to mobility in oral cavity, builds control and co-ordination in mouth leads to normal function and proper use.

Answer 29

good tone

Question 30

coordination and control in ___ ___ function leads to coordination and control in ___ ___ function.

Answer 30

gross motor (head, neck, trunk) , fine motor (jaw, tongue, lips, cheeks)

Question 31

too much stability or too much mobility may result in ___ ___.

Answer 31

abnormal patterns

Question 32

describe good positioning for oral motor function intervention.

Answer 32

• flexion/chin tuck (not too much - to promote breathing)

- jaw control - side and front

Question 33

we need jaw control to achieve active… (name 4 things)

Answer 33

• lip closure
• mature tongue
• normal swallow
• primitive patterns become more mature