Week 8 - Assistive Technology in Peds. OT Flashcards
hardware and/or software created or modified to allow persons to use a computer with or without its standard input or output devices. for ex, may be accomplished via alternative keyboards, touch boards, Braille, screen enlargement, speech synthesis, voice recognition, switch access through the game port, or switches with scanning.
adaptive computer access
communication modes that require equipment in addition to the communicator’s body. ex: pencil and paper, typewriters, computers, headsticks, and augmentative communication aids.
aided communication
communication modes, such as sign language, gestures, and communication aids that are used to replace oral language skills
alternative communication
a hardware device that replaces or works in conjunction to the standard keyboard and is positioned to meet the specific needs of the user.
alternative keyboard
communication modes such as sign language, gestures, and communication aids that are used to supplement oral language skills.
augmentative communication
a common scanning method in which the user presses the switch to bring up the array. a cursor then starts moving across the array of selections using either one-item-at-a-tie or group-item scanning. the user waits until the cursor is on the desired item and then presses the switch.
automatic linear scanning
a hardware device that allows input to the computer via a braille-style keyboard or specific keys on a standard keyboard that function in Braille patterns.
Braille input
a pictographic symbol system developed by Charles Bliss.
blissymbols
a system of writing for individuals who are visually impaired that uses letters, numbers, and punctuation marks made up of raised dot patterns.
braille
allows expressive communication by pointing or gazing at printed word, symbol, or picture. these systems do not have spoken or written output.
communication board
the modality of communication. ex: gestures, facial expressions, vocalization, communication boards, and speaking
communication mode
communication systems specifically designed to operate as communication aids.
dedicated augmentative communication aids
this technique stores a real person’s actual words and sentences in the form of “digitized” sounds. these sounds are recorded by a peripheral device that converts sound input from a stereo system, an instrument, or a microphone into a form that the computer can process, store, and play back.
digitized speech
an access method that allows the user to indicate choices directly by pointing with a body part of technology aid to make a selection. most rapid method of entering info into the computer
direct selection
communication aid or computer displays of symbols that change constantly based on previous system selections.
dynamic display
scanning procedures that move the cursor by highlighting groups of symbols, then single items in the selected groups.
group-item scanning
adaptive pointers that attach to helmets or other bracing systems on the head.
head stick
computerized ACC systems that use specifically written software and have either printed or spoken output, or both.
high-technology augmentative communication aids
an input method that involves intermediate selection steps btwn indicating the choice and actually sending a keystroke or command to the computer. ex: graphical keyboard image, a textual scanning array of keyboard characters, or a menu of computer commands
indirect selection
a scanning method in which the user is required to hold the switch closed to start the cursor moving across an array. the user continues to press and hold the switch until the cursor reaches the desired item. only then does the user release the switch.
inverse scanning
scanning procedures that move the cursor one by one through every item in the scanning array.
item-by-item scanning
a hardware device that interfaces with a computer and allows input from a source other than the standard keyboard. ex: switches and alternative keyboards.
keyboard emulator
a hardware device that covers a standard or alternative keyboard. allows users to slide a pointer over the surface without accidentally activating keys.
key guard
a hardware device that enlarges the image on the computer monitor.
large print display
software that provides large print on either the computer monitor or paper.
large print software
simple devices without written or spoken output and without programming capabilities. may be non-electronic or electronic
low-technology augmentative communication aids
a list of options from which the user can choose, typically shown on the screen. an option may be selected by keystrokes or mouse actions. used to make application software easier to use.
menu
provide a smaller key surface areas for input, reducing the motor requirements for making keystrokes.
mini keyboard
an alternative access method that replaces the physical movement tasks associated with the mouse. the alternative input method can include alternative keyboards, touch tablets, or switches.
mouse emulator
an adaptive pointer that attaches to a mouth guard that is held by clamping it btwn the teeth.
mouth stick
symbol sets that have picture representation of concrete concepts as well as abstract concepts.
pictographic symbols
pre-programming frequently used words, phrases, and sentences into a computer of AAC system for quick retrieval with symbol codes.
pre-stored messages
scanning procedures which quickly move the cursor by first highlighting an entire row of symbols, then single symbols in the selected row.
row-column scanning
indirect method of computer access; process entails stepping through choices that the user selects by switch activation. involves the use of an array, a keyboard emulator, and one or more switches.
scanning
a process whereby the computer learns to understand discrete sounds of words. aka voice input
speech recognition
manual scanning method of moving the cursor through an array and selecting items. user presses a switch to bring up the array. the user then presses and releases the switch to move the cursor across the array item by item. this process is repeated until the cursor reaches the desired item.
step linear scanning
communication aid or computer displays of symbols that never change or vary.
static display
memory-resident utility software that provides keyboard assistance. allow head-stick users and single-finger typists to simultaneously depress 2 or more keys. a single keystroke can then be used to capitalize letters or to enter multiple control key sequences.
sticky key
spoken computer or communication aid output that uses partial numerical waveform parameters representing the formant frequencies of speech.
synthesized speech
a hardware device that either opens or closes an electronic circuit, controlling the flow of electricity to an electronic device - much like a light switch in the home turns the lights on or off.
switch
battery or radio-controlled toys that have been adapted for use with a single switch.
switch toys
cassette tapes with prerecorded speech output for use in AAC systems.
taped speech
a synthesized speech technique that defines and stores the phonemes or sounds of the english language as a set of math rules and procedures.
text-to-speech synthesis
an input device that senses the position of a finger or stylus on a flat, touch-sensitive surface. can be used for control cursor movements, act as an alternative keyboard, or replace a mouth with a joystick.
touch tablet
communication modes that use only the communicator’s body. vocalizations, gestures, facial expressions, and head nods are examples.
unaided communication
memory-resident utility software that provides keyboard assistance. as the user inputs each keystrokes, the software presents a list of possible words or phrase that it thinks the user is typing. the user then selects the appropriate word from the prediction list. statistical weighting is often incorporated into the software to improve prediction tasks.
word prediction
a scanning method in which the listener points to all possible choices while the speaker responds yes or no to each selection.
yes/no verbal scanning
a scanning method in which the listener points to all possible choices while the speaker responds yes or no to each selection.
yes/no verbal scanning
