week 9: memory

Question 1

what does the Nelsons study suggest

Answer 1

that memory for missed pairs in the first tests was not gone completely

Question 2

what are the 2 theories of forgetting

Answer 2

the decay theory
the interference theory

Question 3

what is the decay theory

Answer 3

memory traces decay as a function of time

Question 4

what is the interference theory

Answer 4

memory traces become less accessible due to increasing interference from competing memories
as time goes by, you learn more new things, thereby causing more forgetting

Question 5

what is forgetting likely caused by

Answer 5

both decay and interference

Question 6

when does interference occur

Answer 6

only when one is learning multiple pieces of info that have no intrinsic relationship to one another

Question 7

can interference be reverse

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

how are memories retireved

Answer 8

we make inferences at the time of memory retieval
sometimes we are not even aware that we are making inferences rather than remembering what was actually studied

Question 9

what is plausible retrieval

Answer 9

much of recall in real life involves plausible inference rather than exact recall

Question 10

what is false memory

Answer 10

sometimes we are required to clearly separate what we actually learned from inference eg. eyewitness testimony

Question 11

false memory: source of confusion

Answer 11

people confuse what they observe about an incident with what they learn from other sources

Question 12

can you delete memories

Answer 12

when cued, memories can undergo reconsolidation

Question 13

what happens for memory reconsolidation

Answer 13

a brief, labile stage where the memory can be reinforced, or altered

Question 14

can non-declarative memory be consciously retrieved

Answer 14

cannot be consciously retrieved, but they manifest themselves in the form of improved performance

Question 15

what is classical conditioning

Answer 15

learning and remembering through association

Question 16

what study is classical conditioning

Answer 16

pavlovs dogs

Question 17

what is conditioning and extinction

Answer 17

repeated presentations of a conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus creates a competing memory trace that can supersede the conditioned memory

Question 18

what is the basis for modern exposure therapies

Answer 18

conditioning and extinction

Question 19

can the conditioned response can override the extinction memory at a later date

Answer 19

the conditioned response can override the extinction memory at a later date, explaining clinical relapse even after successful treatment

Question 20

is extinction of fear during exposure therapy forgetting

Answer 20

no the memory is still there and they develop a new memory

Question 21

what is procedural memory

Answer 21

implicit knowledge about how to perform tasks