week 8: memory Flashcards
different types of memory
sensory memory
short term memory
long term memory
how long is sensory memory
less than 1 second
types of sensory memory
iconic (visual) memory
echoic (auditory) memory
how long is short term memory
1-10 seconds
types of short term memory
central executive
visuospatial sketchpad
phonological loop
episodic buffer
how long is long term memory
over 10 seconds
types of long term memory
declarative (explicit) memory
non-declarative (implicit) memory
what does human memory consist of
mulitple subsystems
what are the subsystems of memory supported by
their own neural mechanisms
what is sensory memory
registers info about the environment and holds it for a very brief period of time
sensory memory task: people are shown a screen of letters for 50ms how many can they usually recall
between 3-6
what does the sensory memory task suggest
many items are stored in memory initially
while they are still in memory, observers can attend to some of the items and report them
but they fade away quickly hence why they can only report 3-6
what type of memory is sensory memory
modality specific
what happens to sensory memory when paired with a visual mask
it becomes harder to remember the stimuli
whats your short term memory also called
working memory
what is short-term memory
an intermediate system in which info has to reside on its journey from sensory memory to long-term memory
what is required for sensory memory to become short-term memory
attention
how many items can be in your short-term memory
5-9, usually 7
what is required for short-term memory to become a long-term memory
rehersal
which items in short-term memory are later remembered?
items learned earlier and later tend to be better rememberedd
what is long-term memories capacity
long-term memory is infinite
what can impact long-term memory
damage to the medial temporal lobe can cause severe impairment of long-term memory
does damage to the medial temporal lobe impact short-term memory
no just long-term memory
what is needed for working memory
central executive
what are the types of long-term memory
declarative
non-declarative
what is declarative memory
memories for facts and events
you can explicitly remember these memories
what is declarative memory also called
explicit
what is non-declarative memory
memories that you cannot explicity retrieve eg. motor skills
what is non-declarative memory also called
implicit
types of declarative memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
what is episodic memory
events
specific personal experiences from a particular time and place
what is semantic memory
facts
world knowledge, object knowledge, language knowledge, conceptual priming
what part of the brain is associated with all types of declarative memory
medial temporal lobe, middle diencephalon and neocortex
types of nondeclarative memory
procedural memory
perceptual representation system
classical conditioning
nonassociative learning
what is procedural memory
skills both motor and cognitive
what is perceptual representation system
perceptual priming
what is classical conditioning
conditioned responses between 2 stimuli
what is non-associative learning
habituation and sensitisation
what part of the brain is associated with procedural memory
basal ganglia and cerebellum
what part of the brain is associated with perceptual representation system
perceptual and association neocortex
what part of the brain is associated with classical conditioning
not the brain but the skeletal system
what is associated with nonassociative learning
reflex pathways
what are the processes of declarative memory
encoding
storage
retrieval
the way info is processed affects how well it is encoded in longterm memory:
depth (levels) of processing
does it matter if participants didnt intend to learn
no, incidental and intentional work if it is deep learning
what are memory traces associated with
eachother
semantic info
episodic info
