week 9 LAB Flashcards
location of fallopian tubes
The uterus is lateral to them. Broad ligments are posterior/medial/lateral
function of fimbrae
The fimbriae of the uterine tube, also known as fimbriae tubae, are small, fingerlike projections at the end of the fallopian tubes, through which eggs move from the ovaries to the uterus. The fimbriae are connected to the ovary.
3 tissue walls of the falllopian tubes n heir function
the mucosa - ciliated simple columnar celllamina propia
responsible for transporting gametes and embryos and tubal fluid secretions
the muscularis -smooth muscle an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.
assist in propulsion of the fertilised ovum
the serosa- loose connective tissue
unite/ of sex cells happens whre
follopain tubes
location of uretus, in relation to bladder, rectum and parietal peritoneum
Superior to bladder and rectum, deep to peritoneum
average size, weight and volume of the adult non-pregnant uterus
3 to 4 inches by 2.5 inches, 6ml to 5 litres, 60 grams
location of three main divisions of uretus
The fundus is the top of the uterus. The body is the main part of the uterus and includes the uterine cavity. The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus
location of two main cavities of uterus
The interior of the body of the uterus is called the uterine cavity, and the interior of the cervix is called the cervical canal
perimetrium of urteus
S: or serosa—is part of the visceral peritoneum; it is composed of simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue.
F:secretes a lubricating fluid that helps to reduce friction
moymetrium of uterus
S: consists of three layers of smooth muscle fibers that are thickest in the fundus and thinnest in the cervix. The thicker middle layer is circular; the inner and outer layers are longitudinal or oblique.
F: main function is to induce uterine contractions
endometrium of uterus
S:(1) An innermost layer composed of simple columnar epithelium (ciliated and secretory cells) lines the lumen. (2) An underlying endometrial stroma is a very thick region of lamina propria (areolar connective tissue). (3) Endometrial (uterine) glands develop as invaginations of the luminal epithelium and extend almost to the myometrium.
F: the endometrium thickens and renews itself, preparing for pregnancy. If pregnancy doesn’t occur, the endometrium sheds in a process known as menstruation. If conception takes place, the embryo implants into the endometrium
the name of the coat (uterus) that sloughs off during menstruation and post delivery
stratum functionalis (functional layer)
name of coat that contracts during labour
motmetrium
two. hormones directly responsible for the growth and proliferation of the endomerital layers
estrogen/ postegron?
the effect of estrogen on the myometrium
Stimulates production of actin & myosin. Increases muscle tone.
the effect of progesterone on the myometrium
Also promotes protein anabolism. Inhibits contraction of the myometrium
the effect of oxytocin on the myometrium
During pregnancy, oxytocin progressively stimulates myometrial activity, particularly toward the end of pregnancy. Oxytocin is often used to initiate and stimulate labor.
three functions of the uterus
many functions in the processes of implantation, gestation, menstruation, and labor. Gestation is the period of time between conception and birth
uterine ligaments - broad
a) number 2 b) tissue composition are double folds of peritoneum c) function in support of uterus attaching the uterus to either side of the pelvic cavity.
uterine ligaments - rounds
number
2
b) tissue composition
bands of fibrous connective tissue between the layers of the broad ligament they extend from a point on the uterus just inferior to the uterine tubes to a portion of the labia majora of the external genitalia
c) function in support of uterus
maintain the anteflexed position of the uterus, they also allow the uterine body enough movement such that the uterus may become malpositioned.
cardinal - uterine ligaments
a) number
2
b) tissue composition
loose areolar connective tissue surrounded by blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
c) function in support of uterus
attaches the lateral side of the vagina and cervix to the lateral pelvic wall, which provides support to the vagina and cervix
uterosacral - uterine ligaments
a) number 2 b) tissue composition both smooth muscle and fibrous tissue. c) function in support of uterus connect the uterus to the sacrum
location/length of vagina
a) location, in relation to the urethra, bladder, rectum and uterus
Urethra is anterior to the vagina, bladder is anterior and superior to vagiina, rectum is dorsal to the vagina, uterus is superior to vagina
b) approximate length
2.75 inches to about 3¼ inches
location fornices
the superior portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portion of cervix
tissue type of vagina
stratified squamous epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis: Outer longitudinal layer Inner circular layer Adventitia
effects of vagina ph on mircoorganism
creates a barrier that prevents unhealthy bacteria and yeast from multiplying too quickly and causing infection
effects of vagina pH on sperm
Ability to permenate egg, During sex, the pH level inside the vagina temporarily rises, making the normally acidic environment more alkaline to protect the sperm so they can make their way to the egg
vulva
the outer part of the female genitals
pperineum
the area between the anus and genitals, extending from either the vaginal opening to the anus
mons veneris (pubis)
Protect sex organs
labia majora
fleshy folds of tissue that enclose and protect the other external genital organs
labia minora
protective structures that surround the clitoris, urinary orifice, and vaginal orifice
clitoris
female erogenous organ capable of erection under sexual stimulation
prepuce
skin folds protect the opening of the urethra and the vagina.
hymen
it’s thought that hymen tissue remains as a vestige of vaginal development. Embryologically, it tended to keep germs and dirt out of the vagina.
skene’s gland
two glands located on either side of the urethra. These glands are believed to secrete a substance to lubricate the urethra opening
bartholin;s gland
secrete fluid that helps lubricate the vagina
alveoli gland
a modified sudoriferous (sweat) gland that produces milk A mammary gland consists of 15 to 20 lobes, or compartments, separated by a variable amount of adipose tissue
mammary ducts
When milk is being produced, it passes from the alveoli into a series of secondary tubules and then into the mammary ducts.
lacitferous sinus
Near the nipple, the mammary ducts expand slightly to form sinuses called lactiferous sinuses (lact- = milk), where some milk may be stored before draining into a lactiferous duct.
lactiferoosu duct
Each lactiferous duct typically carries milk from one of the lobes to the exterior
estrogen on breast
a) source
ovaries
b) effects on breast structure and function
Helps with formation of secondary sex characrtisics which are the breasts
progesterone on breasts
a) source
ovaries
b) effects on breast structure and function
It stimulates the formation of the milk glands.
lactogenic hormone (prolactin) on breasts
Hypothalamus act on the anterior pituitary gland
b) effects on breast structure and function
Helps cause milk production in mammary glands
osytocin on breast
a) source
Hypothalamus act on the posterior pituitary gland
b) effects on breast structure and function
It will help release milk
