week 10 - male reproductive system Flashcards
puberty of males
a) approximate age range and developmental stage at which puberty begins in the male
9-14
b) two hormonal stimuli and their source which initiate the onset of male puberty
LH, FSH
c) primary action of each hormone on the male sex gonads
Will start to stimulate the growing of testes, which will produce testerone
d) four physical signs of sexual maturation
the penis and testicles grow and the scrotum gradually becomes darker (read more about penis health) pubic hair becomes thicker and curlier. underarm hair starts to grow. boys start to sweat more.
e) hormone and its source which is responsible for the development of the male secondary sex characteristics
Testerone and the testes
fsh hormones on males
stimulate sperm production
lh hormone on malws
causes the testicles to make testosterone, which is important for producing sperm
testosterone impact on males
regulate sex drive (libido), bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, and the production of red blood cells and sperm.
semen characteristics
a) three types of constituents and their sources
The fluid is made mostly of water, plasma, and mucus as well as sperm
b) pH
7.2-8
c) average volume per ejaculation
1.5 to 5.0 milliliter
d) average number of sex cells per ejaculation
15 million sperm to more than 200 million sperm per milliliter
e) role of each constituent in male/female fertility
Important for sperm count as well as volume for fertility
erection
An erection is a hardening of the penis that occurs when sponge-like tissue inside the penis fills up with blood in the two tubes of spongy tissue in the penis (corpus cavernosa).
emmsion/ejaculation
Ejaculation takes place in two phases: in the first, or emission, stage, sperm are moved from the testes and the epididymis (where the sperm are stored) to the beginning of the urethra, a hollow tube running through the penis that transports either sperm or urine
In the second stage, ejaculation proper, the semen is moved through the urethra and expelled from the body.
oligospermia and testerone effects
i) define the symptom
Low sperm count
ii) state the physiological cause(s) of the symptom- (also refer to Appendix for other action(s) of testosterone.)
Infection that interferes with sperm production or sperm health. Ejaculation problems such as retrograde ejaculation (ejaculation backward into the bladder) Certain medications (alpha blockers, finasteride, antiandrogens) Genetic conditions (Y chromosome deletions, altered chromosomes)
iii) state and explain the impact testosterone hormone replacement therapy would have on these symptoms.
Depends, sometimes low sperm count can be because of too much testosterone
inferitity and testerone effects
i) define the symptom
Not being able to fertilize the egg
ii) state the physiological cause(s) of the symptom- (also refer to Appendix for other action(s) of testosterone.)
Abnormal sperm production or function due to undescended testicles, genetic defects, health problems such as diabetes, or infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, mumps or HIV.
iii) state and explain the impact testosterone hormone replacement therapy would have on these symptoms.
Testosterone treatment decreases sperm production by decreasing levels of another hormone, follicle lstimulating hormone (FSH), which is important for stimulating sperm production
gynecomastia and testerone effects
i) define the symptom
a condition of overdevelopment or enlargement of the breast tissue in men or boys.
ii) state the physiological cause(s) of the symptom- (also refer to Appendix for other action(s) of testosterone.)
is triggered by a decrease in the amount of the hormone testosterone compared with estrogen.
iii) state and explain the impact testosterone hormone replacement therapy would have on these symptoms.
In this situation, testerone hormone therapy would hel
osteoporosis and testerone impact
i) define the symptom
a disease that weakens bones to the point where they break easily
ii) state the physiological cause(s) of the symptom- (also refer to Appendix for other action(s) of testosterone.)
Low calcium intake
iii) state and explain the impact testosterone hormone replacement therapy would have on these symptoms.
improves bone density in men with hypogonadal osteoporosis
decrease in muscle mass
i) define the symptom
Less msucle mass
ii) state the physiological cause(s) of the symptom- (also refer to Appendix for other action(s) of testosterone.)
malnutrition, age, genetics, a lack of physical activity or certain medical conditions
iii) state and explain the impact testosterone hormone replacement therapy would have on these symptoms.
Testosterone increases neurotransmitters, which encourage tissue growth
hot flashs
i) define the symptom
Hot flashes which may be paired with erectile dysfunction, loss of libido, and mood swings.
ii) state the physiological cause(s) of the symptom- (also refer to Appendix for other action(s) of testosterone.)
Low levels of norepinephrine may lead to increases in core body temperature.
iii) state and explain the impact testosterone hormone replacement therapy would have on these symptoms.
Sometimes hot flashes are due to not enough testosterone, meaning if you give some to them, it may help.
How might hormonal therapy differ for primary and secondary hypogonadism?
Primary hypogonadism is when there is a low amount of testosterone as well as high/normal amounts of FSH and LH. Secondary hypogonadism is when there is a low amount of testosterone but low/normal FSH/LH. This would mean
Changes in the male reproductive system due to aging have been called ‘late onset’ hypogonadism. Predict what the symptoms for ‘male climacteric’ might be and how it will differ from female menopause. Explain
Levels of hormones will drop as in the femal menopause, this will usuallt cause less sperm production and also less sperm function. It differs from females as it will usually be later in life, and there will be less physical symptoms of it, it also does not effect all men like menopause does will woman
