Week 9 - Intro to Brain & Spinal Cord Flashcards
Anatomical Reference planes of Brain
What is Ventral and Dorsal in terms of Anterior and Posterior on the spinal cord
Dorsal = posterior
Ventral = anterior
What are the bumps on the surface of the cerebrum called?
Gyri
What are the grooves and fissures on the surface of the cerebrum called?
Sulci
What is the function of the sulci?
divide cerebrum up into functional lobes
What are the 6 different major sulci of the brain
- Central sulcus
- Lateral sulcus
- Parietooccipital sulcus
- Cingulate sulcus
- Calcarine sulcus
- Collateral sulcus
What are the 5 different lobes of the brain?
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Limbic Lobe
What does localisation of function mean?
Certain parts of the brain are more used for certain functions
E.g when considering injuries to certain parts of the brain -> ppl have lost a specific function
Which lobe is the Primary Motor Cortex located? and which gyrus?
Frontal Lobe & Precentral Gyrus
How is the motor aspects of the body organised?
Contralaterally
Left side of motor cortex controls right side of body and vice versa
Going from lateral to superior, how is the Primary Motor Cortex organised in terms of
our body parts
Lateral
- Mouth
- Face
- Hand
- Arm
- Trunk
- Leg
- Foot
Superior
What does the Motor Homunculus show?
Shows that there’s more motor neurons for certain parts of the body like the face and hands compared to other parts of the body which don’t require as much motor movement
What are the different areas of the frontal lobe?
What functions does the Prefrontal Cortex have?
Executive function and working memory
Which lobe is the Primary Somatosensory cortex found?
in the Parietal Lobe
What does the Sensory Homunculus show?
Same as motor one but for sensory
What are the areas of the Parietal Lobe
Which lobe is the Primary Auditory Cortex located?
in the Temporal Lobe
What are the different areas of the Temporal Lobe?
How do some of the areas of the Parietal and Temporal lobe overlapping help?
Can discriminate sound -> block out other random sounds and focus on one sound -> can separate language from background noise
Which lobe and specifically where in the lobe is the Primary Visual Cortex located?
in the Occipital lobe either side of the Calcarine sulcus
What are the areas of the Limbic Lobe?
What are the 31 segments of the Spinal Cord?
8 Cervical -> 8 Cervical nerve roots only correspond to 7 vertebrae (shown in image)
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal
Visualisation of Spinal Cord Cross-section
- Dorsal root contains all the sensory fibres
- Ventral root contains all the motor fibres
- Dorsal Root Ganglion contains the cell bodies of all the sensory nerves in the body associated w spinal cord
- Dorsal Root and Ventral Root come together to as Spinal nerve which gives of Posterior and Anterior rami
What is significant about the White Matter in the spinal cord?
- Has white matter appearance bc of myelin
- Comprised of all the axons that go from the brain to the spinal cord and back up to the brain
- Contains Glial cells
What is significant about the Grey Matter of the spinal cord?
- Contains glial cells
- Contains the cell bodies of the neurons
- Fewer axons and myelin
- Has a Ventral horn where all of the motor neurons reside
- Has a Dorsal horn -> where sensory relay neurons sit
- Has a Lateral Horn -> autonomic neurons
- Has a Dorsal and Ventral Median Sulcus
What is the cone-like ending of the Spinal Cord called?
Conus Medullaris
- at lvl of L1-L2
What covers the spinal cord?
Meninges:
Pia mater -> first layer around spinal cord
Arachnoid mater -> middle layer of meninges
Dura mater -> one of the connective tissues that make up the meninges of the brain
What are Denticulate Ligaments?
Pia attached to the Dura that fastens the spinal cord
Where is Cerebrospinal Fluid found?
Space between Pia and Arachnoid
