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Y2 S2 Anatomy > Week 3 - Embryology of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Week 3 - Embryology of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Carnegie stage 4 Embryo visualised

A
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2
Q

Carnegie stage 23 Embryo visualised

A
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3
Q

What does lateral folding do?

A

Helps bring the gut tube back inside the body

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4
Q

What do Foregut derivatives extend from?

A

Head to Abdomen

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4
Q

Derivatives of the Foregut

A
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5
Q

What structures are related to connecting the outside to the inside? i didnt know how to word it properly innit

A
  • Ectoderm and Endoderm only (seen in Oral and Rectal areas)
  • Oropharyngeal membrane & cloacal membrane
  • These are points of transition
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6
Q

What part of this becomes the head and neck?

A

The lumps and bumps

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7
Q

What is a Pharyngeal arch?

A

= Bump with extoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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8
Q

What is a Pharyngeal crest/fold?

A

= invaginations of the ectoderm

On diagram -> blue corners into the structure

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9
Q

What are Pharyngeal pouches?

A

= evaginations of endoderm

On diagram -> yellow corners into structure from inside

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10
Q

What are Pharyngeal Arch Arteries?

A

= Aortic Arch arteries arising in the region of the pharyngeal apparatus

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11
Q

What do Neural Crest cells give rise to?

A

Skeletal components

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12
Q

What does Mesoderm give rise to?

A

Muscular components

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13
Q

What do Aortic Arch Arteries give rise to?

A

Vascular supply to each of the arches

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14
Q

What does Endodermal layer give rise to?

A

Pharyngeal pouch components

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15
Q

Do Pharyngeal Arch Cranial Nerves & Arteries elongate and grow into or out of the Pharyngeal apparatus?

A

Grow INTO the area

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16
Q

What Cranial nerves does the Brainstem give rise to related to the Pharyngeal arch?

A

Cranial Nerves 5, 7, 9 & 10 -> these are the only ones related to the Pharyngeal Arch -> They grow into a bump of the pharyngeal apparatus

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17
Q

What nerves grow into each bump of the Pharyngeal Arch

A

Arch 1 -> Trigeminal nerve
Arch 2 -> Facial nerve
Arch 3 -> Glossopharyngeal nerve
Arch 4 -> Superior Laryngeal nerve
Arch 6 -> Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

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18
Q

Is there any crossing of the Cranial Nerves?

A

Yes -> they are in close proximity to each other during development and may cross

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19
Q

Arteries of the Pharyngeal Arch and bumps

A
20
Q

What are the skeletal features involved with each bump of the Pharyngeal Arch?

A

Arch 1 -> Skeletal features of mastication (Upper inner ear bones & Maxially process below the eye)
Arch 2 -> Lower part of the inner ear to upper part of hyoid bone
Arch 3 -> Lower part of hyoid bone
Arch 4 & 6 -> Thyroid & Pharynx
Arch 5 disappears

21
Q

Pharyngeal Arch summarised

A
22
Q

What are the Arch 1 Cartilage and Bony Derivatives that help with mastication?

A

Maxillary process:
- Mesenchyme (from neural crest) -> premaxilla, maxilla, zygomatic bone and part of temporal bone
Mandibular process:
- Meckels cartilage -> Incus and Malleus
- Mandible

23
Q

What are the divisions of the Trigeminal nerve that supplies Arch 1

A

CNV = Cranial nerve 5

  • CNV1 = Ophthalamic
  • CNV2 = Maxillary
  • CNV3 = Mandibular
24
Q

What type of information is conveyed via each division of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic -> General sensory
Maxillary -> General sensroy
Mandibular -> General motor and sensory

25
Q

What are special sensations?

A
  • ability to see, taste etc
  • only found in the head and neck
26
Q

What are the muscles derived from Arch 1 linked to mastication? and what are they innervated by?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Part of the Lateral Pterygoid
  • Masseter

Innervated by the branches of the Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve

27
Q

What arches does the ear derive from?

A

Between Arches 1 & 2

28
Q

What is the tissue origin for External Acoustic Meatus (1st Groove/Cleft Derivative) and Tympanic Recess (1st Pouch Derivative)?

A

External Acoustic Meatus -> Ectoderm
Tympanic Recess -> Endoderm

29
Q

Derivatives of Ear summarised$

A
30
Q

What is Arch 2 associated with?

A

Facial expressions

30
Q

Does Arch 1 or 2 develop first? What is the significance of this?

A

Arch 1 develops first

Significance:
- muscles for facial expression will be superficial to muscles of mastication because they develop after

31
Q

What is the relationship between the Lingual nerve and Chorda Tympani nerve?

A
  • Chorda Tympani nerve connects to Lingual nerve on its way to the tongue
  • Lingual is Arch 1 whule Chorda Tympani is Arch 2
31
Q

What are some functional components of the facial nerve?

A

Visceral motor
Sensory
Muscle motor
Taste

32
Q

What Arch does the oral cavity derive from?

A

Between Arches 2 and 3

33
Q

What is the adult derivative of pouch 2?

A

Tonsillar fossa

34
Q

What is the Arch 3 skeletal derivative?

A

Greater horn of the Hyoid Bone

35
Q

What is the Arch 3 muscular derivative?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle (name literally means between Arch 2 and Arch 4/6)

36
Q

What is the Arch 3 nerve derivative? What type of innervation?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Innervation:
- General sensory
- Special sensation
- Somatic motor

37
Q

What is the Pharyngeal Plexus?

A

mixing of nerves around the pharynx

38
Q

Where do some pouches migrate to?

A

inferiorly to the Thorax

39
Q

What does Pouch 3 develop into?

A

Inferior parathyroid gland and Thymus

40
Q

What does Pouch 4 develop into?

A

Superior parathyroid gland

41
Q

What are Arch 4 and 6 Cartilage and Bony derivatives?

A

Cricoid Cartilage and Arytenoid Cartilage

42
Q

What are Arch 4 and 6 muscle derivatives?

A

Cricothyroid
Levator veli palatine
Pharyngeal Constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior)
Stylopharyngeus
Larynx

43
Q

What nerve is derived from Arch 4 & 6

A

Vagus nerve

44
Q

What is Pouch 4 associated with?

A

Thyroid

45
Q

Sensory Innervation Territories

A

Y2 S2 Anatomy (8 decks)

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