Week 3 - Overview of Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards
What are the major cavities of the body?
Dorsal for CNS -> Cranial and Vertebral
Ventral (divided by diaphragm) -> Thoracic and Abdominopelvic
What are the non-visceral parts of the body? (Muscular and Neurovascular)
- face
- infratemporal fossa
- musculoskeletal neck
What are the visceral spaces of the body? (Organ/Sensory spaces)
- cranial cavity
- ear
- orbital cavity
- nasal cavity
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?
- Muscles of mastication
- Pterygopalatine fossa
- Non-visceral space connected to
most visceral spaces -> Cranial cavity * Nasal cavity * Oral cavity * Orbit * Pharynx
What are the different parts of the cranial cavity?
Anterior, Middle and Posterior Cranial fossa
What are the 2 parts of the skull?
Neurocranium
Face
How many bones are in the Neurocranium and Face? Unpaired and paired?
Neurocranium:
- 8 bones
- 4 unpaired / 3 paired
Face:
- 14 bones
- 2 unpaired / 6 paired
What are the 3 parts of the ear?
External, Middle, and Inner ear
Pharynx labelled
What is Waldeyer’s Ring?
= Lymphatic tissue
- 1st Line of defence for the gut tube
What are the 3 autonomic pathways?
- Ciliary Ganglion
- Pterygopalatine and Submandibular Ganglia
- Otic Ganglion
What is the Superficial Fascia? What is it composed of? What does it encircle? What does it contain?
- composed of subcutaneous tissue
- encircles neck like a collar
- Contains:
- Platysma and facial expression muscles
- Subcutaneous nerves, fat and nerves
- Superficial lymph nodes
What is the Deep Cervical Fascia fascia? What are the 3 layers? What does it contain?
3 layers:
- A -> Superficial, MIddle & Deep
- B -> Visceral, Vascular & Vertebral
Contains:
1. Investing fascia
2. Pretracheal fascia
3. Prevertebral fascia
4. Carotid sheath
What does the investing layer do and what does it contain?
= splits to cover sternocleidomastoid muscle & trapezius muscle
Contains:
- submandibular & parotid glands
What are the spaces of the Investing layer?
Spaces:
1)masticator space.
2)Submandibular space.
3)parotid space.
4)sublingual space.
What is the Pretrachial Fascia? Where does it extend from? What does it contain?
- Extends from hyoid bone to superior mediastinum
- Contains:
- infrahyoid muscles
- trachea
- oesophagus
- larynx
- thyroid and parathyroid gland
What does the Pretrachial fascia surround?
surrounds the larynx and laryngopharynx, where it becomes continuous with
the buccopharyngeal fascia covering the constrictor muscles of the pharynx
What are the spaces of the Pretrachial Fascia?
Spaces:
1. pharyngeal mucosal Space.
2. retropharyngeal space.
3. parapharyngeal space.
What is the Prevertebral fascia? Where does it extend from? What does it contain?
- from the Skull base to superior mediastinum
Contains: - paravertebral and paraspinal muscles
- vertebral body, vertebral artery and vein
- phrenic nerve and brachial plexus trunk
What are the spaces of the Prevertebral Fascia?
Spaces:
1. carotid space.
2. retropharyngeal space
3. perivertebral space
4. danger space
What are the contents of the Carotid Sheath?
- Common (and Internal) carotid artery
- Internal jugular vein
- Vagus nerve
What are the spaces of the neck described in relation to?
Spaces are described in relation to the hyoid bone
What is the Suprahyoid neck?
Deep space between the base of skull and hyoid bone.
What is the Infrahyoid neck?
Inferiorly between the hyoid bone and clavicles
What are the spaces of the Suprahyoid neck?
Parapharyngeal space
Pharyngeal mucosal space
Masticator space
Parotid space
Buccal space
Danger space
What are the spaces of the Infrahyoid neck?
Anterior cervical space
Posterior cervical space
Visceral space
What does the Masticator space contain?
- Ramus and body of mandible
- Trigeminal nerve (mandibular division)
- Muscles of mastication.
What are the boundaries of the Masticator space?
Anteriorly: buccal space
Posterolaterally: parotid space
Medially: parapharyngeal space
What does the Parotid space contain?
Parotid glands,
External carotid artery
Lymph node
Facial nerve
Retromandibular vein.
What are the boundaries of the Parotid space?
Superior: external auditory canal, apex of the mastoid process.
Inferior: inferior mandibular margin.
Anterior: masticator space.
What does the Submandibular space contain?
Submandibular gland
Submandibular
Lymph node
Facial artery and vein.
What are the boundaries of the Submandibular space?
Anterolateral: mandible.
Medially: anterior belly of digastric muscle.
Posteriorly: muscles of tongue.
Superiorly: mylohyoid muscle.
Inferiorly: hyoid bone.
What does the Sublingual space contain?
Sublingual gland and duct
Lingual nerve
Lingual artery and vein.
What does the Sublingual space communicate with and along the border of which muscle?
Sublingual space freely communicates with submandibular and parapharyngeal space along posterior border of mylohyoid muscle.
What does the Pharyngeal Mucosal Space contain?
Lymphoid tissue of Waldeyer’s ring
Pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
What does the Pharyngeal Mucosal Space extend from?
It extends from the base of skull to the cricoid cartilage.
What are the boundaries of the Retropharyngeal space?
Anterior margin: deep cervical fascia
Posterior margin: alar fascia (separates the
retropharyngeal space from the danger space)
Lateral margins: deep cervical fascia
Superior margin: clivus
Inferior margin: around the T4
What are the contents of the Retropharyngeal space?
Areolar fat
Lymph nodes only above hyoid and small vessels.
What is the Danger Space?
= It is a potential space, located posteriorly to retropharyngeal,
connecting superior mediastinum to deep cervical space
What does the Danger Space contain?
Loose areolar tissues (an easy pathway for infection to spread)
What are the boundaries of the Danger space?
Anteriorly: alar fascia
Posteriorly: prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia
Superiorly: clivus
Inferiorly: posterior mediastinum at the level of the
diaphragm
What are the boundaries of the Carotid space?
Superior margin: lower border of jugular foramen
Inferior margin: aortic arch
Anterolateral margin: sternocleidomastoid muscle
What does the Carotid space contain?
Common carotid artery and internal carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Accessory nerve, Hypoglossal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve (ix) (anterior to vessels)
Vagus nerve (x) (posterior to vessels)
Sympathetic nerves
Deep cervical lymph node chain
