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Y2 S2 Anatomy > Week 1 - Histology of Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Week 1 - Histology of Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What do Seminiferous Tubules make?

A

Sperm

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2
Q

What type of epithelium are seminiferous tubules lined by?

A

Complex Stratified Epithelium

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3
Q

What are 3 Functions of Peritubular tissue (lamina propria)?

A
  1. Propels sperm from testis to vas deferens
  2. Structural support
  3. Androgen receptors
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4
Q

Sertoli Cells info

A

Important note - Sertoli cells don’t have any developing germ cells in it

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5
Q

What are some of the functions of Sertoli Cells?

A
  • Principial Role: Support spermatogenesis in response to FSH and Testosterone
  • Sex determination: express SRY
  • Developmental: Prod Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)
  • Hormonal Regulation: Target of substances with hormone-like action
  • Stem cell Regulation: GDNF - ensures self-renewal
  • Form Blood-Testis barrier: protects immature sperm from being removed by immune system
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6
Q

What is Intertubular tissue?

A

= Loose connective tissue with vessels. nerves, lymphocytes
- also contain Leydig cells

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7
Q

What are Leydig Cells?

A

= Site of testosterone production
- contains lots of SER (for steroidogenesis)

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8
Q

What is Spermatogenesis?

A

Process of cell proliferation and maturation from diploid germ cells into haploid spermatozoa over 70 days
Three Important Sequences in it:
1. Mitosis of spermatogonia
2. Meiosis from spermatocytes to round spermatids
3. Spermiogenesis = differentiation into spermatozoa

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9
Q

What is Spermiogenesis?

A

Final stage of Spermatogenesis

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10
Q

Cycle of Spermatogenesis

A
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11
Q

What is the Rete Testis?

A

The passageway for exit of sperm from the testis into the duct system

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12
Q

What is the Epididymis? What type fo epithelium? What can be stored in it? What type of muscle? What do they contain?

A

= Pseuodstratified Epithelium
= Peitubular smooth muscle
- Sperm can be stored in it for weeks
- Contain non-motile Stereocilia
- Also the point where sperm gain initial motility

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13
Q

What is the Vas Deferens? What does it arise from? Whats the function?

A
  • Arises from the epididymal tubule with similar epithelium and thicker smooth muscle wall
  • Contractile to move sperm through ejaculatory duct
  • Can also absorb sperm via stereocilia
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14
Q

What is the Prostate Gland? What type of epithelium? What does it do?

A

= Capsule with fibromuscular septa forming lobules
- Heterogenous epithelium (cuboidal, columnar and pseudostratified)
- Secretes watery liquid with zinc, citric acid, prostoglandins, proteolytic enzymes

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15
Q

What does the wall of the Uterus contain?

A

Endometrium and Myometrium

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16
Q

What are other names for Endometrium? What epithelium? What can it be subdivided into? What are the functions of each subdivision?

A
  • Names -> Mucosa of the Uterus & Stroma of Endometrium (dense connective tissue)
  • Simple columnar epithelium w ciliated ells
  • Can be subdivided into Functionalis and Basalis
  • Functionalis -> part thats sloughed off and replaced during each menstrual cycle
  • Basalis -> portion that remains after menstruation -> provides new epitehlium and lamina propria for renewal of endometrium
17
Q

What is Myometrium composed of? What is the function?

A
  • Smooth Muscle
  • Function = to expel foetus when time is right
18
Q

What are the 2 Endometrium phases and what is each stage driven by?

A
  • Proliferative -> driven by Estrogen // (lots of mitoses but less secretions)
  • Secretory -> driven by Progesterone + Estrogen // (lack mitoses but lots of secretion)
19
Q

What is Folliculogenesis and where does it occur?

A

= formation of follicles
- happens in ovaries

20
Q

Cross section of Ovary

A
21
Q

What is a Follicle?

A

Contains one oocyte surrounded by 1 or more layers of follicular cells (granulosa cells)

22
Q

What 2 main parts does the Ovary consist of? What type of Epithelium?

A

Parts = Cortex and Medulla
Epithelium = simple squamous or cuboidal outer epithelium with underlying tunica albuginea

23
Q

What does the Cortex of the Ovary consist of? and what does it do?

A
  • Mostly follicles -> approx 400,000 across the 2 ovaries
  • releases 1 ovum per menstrual cycke
24
Q

What does the Medulla of the Ovary consist of?

A

Loose connective tissue with a rich vascular bed

25
Q

Process of Falliculogenesis in human ovary

A

Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Antral
Graafian

25
Q

How long does Falliculogenesis take

A

around 6 months

26
Q

Histology of Falliculogenesis

A
27
Q

Diagram of pick up of ovulated oocyte by uterine tube

A

Y2 S2 Anatomy (8 decks)

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