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Anesthesia and Sugery > Week 9: Fluids > Flashcards

Week 9: Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

body fluid

A

total body water=60%
intracellular 2/3 TBW
extracellular 1/3 TBW (intersititial fluid 3/4 of ECF, intravascular/plasma 1/4 of ECF)

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2
Q

plasma

A

5% of body weight

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3
Q

blood volume

A

8-9%-dogs and large animals

6-7& cats

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4
Q

calculating blood volume

A

dogs and large animals=90 ml/kg lean body weight

cats-60ml/kg lean body weight

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5
Q

electrolytes

A

cations: pos charge

anions=neg charge

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6
Q

colloids

A

large molecular weight

plasma protein

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7
Q

anions

A

chloride CL-
Bicarbonate HCO3-
Phosphates HPOr-
Proteins

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8
Q

cations

A

sodium NA+
Potassium K+
Magnesium MG 2+
Calcum CA2+

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9
Q

homeostasis

A

normal constant state

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10
Q

water solute movement

A

passive and active diffusion

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11
Q

Water permiability

A

across all membranes

concentration gradient

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12
Q

Electrolyte permeability

A

across vascular membrane not cellular

distributes throughout ECF

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13
Q

Colloid Permeability

A

fluid with large molecules

stay within the vasculature

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14
Q

water solute balance

A

pos and neg charge must be equal
solute provide osmotic pressure
small solutes pass freely intravascular space from interstitial space

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15
Q

IV fluids

A

1/3 fluids stay in intravascular space, 2/3 interstitial

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16
Q

Dehydration

A

depletes ECF

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17
Q

perioperative hemorrhage

A

loss of intravascular space

hypertonic saline or colloid

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18
Q

low albumin

A

blood plasma or colloid solution

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19
Q

IV

A

fast/versatile preferred

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20
Q

SQ

A

absorbed 6-8 hrs

isotonic

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21
Q

IO

A

fast alternative to IV

neonates

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22
Q

Crystalloids

A

electrolytes in water
hypotonic
isotonic
hypertonic

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23
Q

hypotonic

A

more water than electrolytes
5% dextrose,
0.45% NaCL, Normosol M, plasmalyte 56

24
Q

isotonic

A

equal osmolaity

0.9% NaCL, Normosol R, Plasmalyte, 148 LRS

25
Q

Hypertonic

A

electrolytes

3% and 7% NaCL

26
Q

Colloids

A

high molecular weight
natural=plasma/albumin solution
synthetic=hetastarch, vetstartch, dextran 70

27
Q

Surgery fluids

A

isotonic, polytonic, replacement fluids

28
Q

sick patients

A

PCF less than 20
TP less than 3.5 g/dL
isotonic, polytonic replacement fluids

29
Q

Crystalloids

A

Isotonic, polytonic, replacement
LRS, Normosol R, Plasma Lyte A and R, Isolyte S, ,
contains dextrose

30
Q

resuscitation phase

A

restore vascular volume

reverse hypovolemic shock

31
Q

replacement phase

A

correct dehydration

replace and maintain fluids

32
Q

maintenance phase

A

after dehydration is corrected
hypotonic crystalloids
40-60 ml/kg/day

33
Q

potassium chloroide

A

hypokalemia

34
Q

dextrose

A

hypoglycemia

35
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

use with caution
metabolic acidosis
severe hyperkalemia

36
Q

administration anesthesia and surgery

A

<10 ml/kg/hr during first hr

3-5 ml/kg/hr during rest of procedure

37
Q

volume overload

A 
pulmonary edema
cavity effusion
peripheral edema
hemorrhage
compromised patients (especially cats)

use slower infusion rate

38
Q

overhydration

A 
ocular nasal discharge
chemosis
subcutaneous edema
increased lung sounds
increased respiratory rate and dyspnea
coughing and restlessness if awake
hemodilution
39
Q

Fresh whole blood

A 
contains:
RBC
WBC
platelets
all coagulation factors
proteins: albumin and globulin
store for up to 8 hrs
40
Q

stored whole blood

A

lose platlets
fewer coagulation factors
store up to 28 days refrigerated

41
Q

packed red blood cells

A

whole blood spun down plasma removed:
RBC
WBC

42
Q

why give pRBC

A

anemia
trauma
IMHA
cancer

43
Q

plasma

A

all coagulation factors

protein: albumin, globulin

44
Q

store plasma

A

liquid-refrigerated 14 days
fresh frozen-up to 1 year
frozen-up to 5 years (lose coagulation)

45
Q

why give plasma

A 
replace coagulation factors and/or proteins:
rodenticide toxicity
hemophilia
DIC/heatstroke
Von Wilebrand's
Hypoproteinemia
46
Q

DEA 1

A

dog erythrocyte antigen

positive or negative

47
Q

DEA 4

A

most dogs have this antigen

48
Q

universal donor dogs

A

DEA 4+= best

DEA 1 negative= universal

49
Q

In house blood type testing

A

DEA

alveida

50
Q

DMS Card Type

A

less expensive

results show agglutination

51
Q

who gets what type

A

DEA -1 can donate to pos or negative

DEA 1+ can only donate to positive

52
Q

Feline blood types

A 
A=most common
B=strong A antibodies
AB rare
no universal blood donor
always type
53
Q

crossmatch

A

if patient has transfusion before
if cannot type a cat
best practice any transfusion

54
Q

pRBC transfusions

dogs

A

do not warm
gravity vest for dogs: syringe or fluid pump
use at least 22 gauge catheter

55
Q

pRBC transfusion cats

A

syring pump preferable
use hemonate filter
administer within 4 hrs

56
Q

fresh frozen plasma transfusion

A

slowly that

warm bath 30-37 degrees

Anesthesia and Sugery (15 decks)

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