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Maternal and Child Nursing > WEEK 9 > Flashcards

WEEK 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principles of Growth and
Development?

A

*Growth
* Development
* Maturation
* Cognitive development

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2
Q

Stages of Growth and Development

first 28 days of life?

A

Neonate

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3
Q

Stages of Growth andDevelopment

birth to 1 year

A

Infancy

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4
Q

Stages of Growth and Development

1 to 3 years?

A

Toddler

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4
Q

Stages of Growth and Development

3 to 6 years?

A

Preschooler

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5
Q

Stages of Growth and Development

: 6 to 10 years?

A

School-ager

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6
Q

Stages of Growth and development

10 to 13 years

A

Prepuberta

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7
Q

Stages of Growth and

13 to 18 + years?

A

Adolescent

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8
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

Infancy
* Interested in oral stimulation
* Mouth is the site of pleasure
* They suck for enjoyment and release of tension and also
for nourishment

A

ORAL PHASE

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9
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

Toddlerhood
* Interest focus on the anal region
* They begin toilet training
* Pleasure in both the retention of feces and defecation
* Self discovery, exerting independence?

A

ANAL PHASE

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10
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

Preschooler
* Genitals is the pleasure zone
* Masturbation is common
* May show exhibitionism

A

PHALLIC PHASE

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11
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

School-Age
* Libido appears to be diverted into concrete thinking
* No developments as obvious as with earlier periods

A

LATENT

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11
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

Adolescence
* Main event is the establishment of new sexual aims
* Finding new love objects

A

GENITAL PHASE

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11
Q

Psychosocial Development (Erikson)

(1-3 yrs)
* Increasingly independent in many spheres of life
* Nurses should allow for self care & imitation

A

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

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12
Q

Psychosocial Development (Erikson)

(3-6 yrs)
* Learns to initiate play activities.
* Nurses should encourage to explore environment with
senses, promote imagination?

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

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13
Q

Psychosocial Development (Erikson)

(6-12 yrs)
* Learns self worth as a workers & producers
* Allow children to compete and cooperate

A
  • Industry vs. Inferiority
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14
Q

Psychosocial Development (Erikson)

(birth to 1 year)
* Establishes a sense of trust when basic needs are met
* Nurses should provide consistent, loving care

A

Trust vs. Mistrust:

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15
Q

Psychosocial Development (Erikson)

(12-18 yrs)
* Forms identity and establishment
of autonomy from parents
* Peers, society has big influence
* Encourage peer visitation, texting, phone call?

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

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16
Q

Intellectual or Cognitive Development (Piaget)

(birth to 2)
* learns from movement and sensory input.
* learns cause & effect?

A

Sensorimotor

17
Q

Intellectual or Cognitive Development (Piaget)

(2 to 7)
* Increasing curiosity and explorative behavior.
* Thinking is concrete
* Egocentrism

A

Preoperational

18
Q

Intellectual or Cognitive Development (Piaget)

(11 to 15 to adulthood)
Acquisition of abstract reasoning leading to
Analytical thinking
Problem solving
Planning for the future?

A

Formal Operations

18
Q

Intellectual or Cognitive Development (Piaget)

(7 to 11)
* Logical & coherent thought
* Can distinguish fact from fantasy?

A

Concrete Operational

18
Q

What are the factors Influencing Growth and
Development

A

Genetics
* Gender
* Health
* Intelligence
-Temperament
Reaction patterns
* Activity level
* Rhythmicity
* Approach
* Adaptability
* Intensity of reaction
* Distractibility
* Attention span and persistence
* Threshold of response
* Mood quality
* Environment
* Socioeconomic level
* Parent–child relationship
* Ordinal position
* Health
* Nutrition
* Impacts
* Physical growth
* Health maintenance
* Cognitive development

19
Q

What are the nursing Care Implications of
Stages of Growth and
Development?

A
  • Predictable
  • Measureable (objective)
  • Physical; emotional; cognitive
  • Impact patient teaching
  • Impact nursing care strategies
20
Q

Nursing Care Implications of

Diet and Nutrition

What are the components of healthy diet?

A
  • Protein
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fat
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
21
Q

What are the adequate nutrition in vegetarian diets?

A
  • Protein
  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Vitamins and minerals
  • Total calories*
22
Q

What are the MyPlate guidelines?

A
  • Variety of foods
  • Balance; portion size; physical activity
  • Grain products, fruits, and vegetables
  • Diet low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol
  • Moderate: sugars, salt/sodium, alcohol
23
Q

Other examination includes?

A

-Head and Neck Lymph Node
Chains
-Intercostal (Between Rib)
Spaces
-Chest Contours

23
Q

What are the purpose for Health Assessment?

A
  • To gather information that will direct physical or
    laboratory examinations to complete a thorough
    health evaluation
  • To elicit facts such as parental problems in
    childrearing or detection of future health problems
  • To lay foundation for health education and health
    promotion
23
Q

Health History: Database

A
  1. Interview setting
    * Types of questions
    * Closed ended
    * Open ended
    * Compound
    * Expansive
    * Leading
  2. Health interview
    * Introduction and explanation
    * Demographic data
    * Chief concern
    * History of chief concern
    * Duration; intensity
    * Frequency; description
    * Associated symptoms; actions taken
  3. Health and family profile
    * Day history
    * Play
    * Sleep
    * Hygiene
    * Nutrition
  4. Past health history
    * Including pregnancy history
    * Family health history
    * Review of systems
24
Q

Techniques for Health
Assessment?

A

-Health interview
-Examinations(* Physical
* Vision
* Hearing
* Speech)
- Appraisals (* Developmental
* Intelligence
* Temperament
* Immunizations
* Informing patient/patient’s parents of results)

25
Q

Physical Examination includes?

A

Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, and Auscultation
* Equipment, setting, and approach
* Variations for age and developmental stage
* Newborn
* Infant
* School-age child
* Adolescent
* Body measurements
* Weight
* Height
* Head circumference
* Chest and abdominal circumference
* Assessments
* Skin
* Head
* Eyes
* Conjunctivitis
* Hordeolum
* Ptosis
* Strabismus
* Esotropia
* Exotropia
* Nose
* Ears
* Alignment
* Otoscopic exam
* Ear canal
* Malleus of the inner ear
* Tympanic membrane
* Signs of infection
* Mouth
* Appearance, for symmetry and color of lips
* Number and condition of teeth
* Condition of gums, tongue, uvula, epiglottis, and tonsils
* Neck
* Heart
* PMI
* Heart sounds
* Rhythm
* Newborn, infant, and toddler
* School-age child and adolescent
* Abdomen
* Newborn and infant
* Preschooler and school-age child
* Genitorectal area
* Female genitalia
* Male genitalia
* Inguinal hernia
* Extremities
* Back
* Neurologic function
* Reflexes
* Motor and sensory
Major reflexes elicitation

26
Q

Vision assessment includes?

A
  • Vision screening
  • Techniques
  • Snellen chart
  • Preschool E chart
  • National Association for the Prevention of Blindness Home
    Test
  • Allen cards
  • STYCAR cards
  • Titmus Vision Tester
  • Color vision discrimination testing
  • Vision referrals
27
Q

Hearing assessment includes?

A
  • Auditory screening
  • Newborn and infant
  • Older children
  • Principles of audiometric assessment
  • Frequency
  • Loudness
  • Principles of audiometric assessment—(cont.)
  • Hearing loss
  • Acoustic impedance testing
  • Conduction loss testing
28
Q

Speech Assessment includes?

A
  • Denver articulation screening
  • Administration
  • Scoring
29
Q

Intelligence Appraisal includes?

A
  • Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
  • Stanford–Binet test
  • Goodenough-Harris Drawing test
29
Q

What are the types of communication?

A
  • Nontherapeutic
  • Therapeutic
  • Components
  • Encoder
  • Code
  • Decoder
  • Feedback or response
  • Development of language
  • Levels of communication
  • First level
  • Second level
  • Third level
  • Fourth level
  • Fifth level
  • Nonverbal
  • Distance
  • Genuineness
  • Warmth
  • Empathy
  • Gestures
  • Nonverbal—(cont.)
  • Body posture and gait
  • General appearance
  • Touch
  • Humor
  • Drawings
  • Music
  • Therapeutic communication
  • Attentive listening
  • Open-ended questions
  • Reflecting
  • Clarifying
  • Paraphrasing
  • Therapeutic communication—(cont.)
  • Perception checking
  • Focusing
  • Supportive statements
  • Silence
  • Process recording
29
Q

Immunizations include?

A
  • Types
  • Available vaccines
  • Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP)
  • Polio
  • Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
  • Hepatitis B (HBV)
    Available vaccines—(cont.)
  • Hepatitis A
  • Rotavirus
  • H. influenzae type B (Hib)
  • Varicella
  • Pneumococcal pneumonia
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)
  • Meningococcal vaccine
  • Available vaccines—(cont.)
  • Lyme disease
  • Influenza
  • Anthrax and smallpox
30
Q

Temperament Appraisal?

A
  • Child’s innate behavioral characteristics
  • Activity level
  • Rhythmicity
  • Tendency to approach or withdraw
  • Adaptability to situation
31
Q

Health teaching includes?

A
  • Art of teaching
  • Teacher–learner relationship
  • Art of learning
  • Types of learning
  • Influence of age and stage
32
Q

What are the factors interfering with communication?

A
  1. Age and developmental level
    * Intellectual level
    * Physical factors
    * Technical terminology
    * Showing disapproval
    * Not showing approval when warranted
    * Being defensive
    * Cliché advice
    * Topping off
  2. Special communication skills
    * Shy child
    * Angry child
    * Demanding child
    * Sexually aggressive adolescent
    * Child who is not English proficient
    * Unconscious child
    * Hearing-challenged child
    * Vision-challenged child
32
Q

What are the areas of assessment?

A
  • Sociocultural values
  • Attention span
  • Lifestyle
  • Learning style
  • Language level
  • Current knowledge
  • Intellectual capability
  • Physical capabilities
  • Psychological or emotional capabilities
32
Q

Teaching plan includes?

A
  1. Formulating the plan
    * Identifying personal strengths and limitations
    * Preparing expected outcomes
    * Identifying teaching formats
    * Formal versus informal
    * Group versus individual
    * Alternative versus institutional setting
  2. Teaching strategies
    * Lecture
    * Demonstration
    * Redemonstration
    * Discussion
    * Role modeling
    * Behavior modification
  3. Teaching tools
    * Visual aids
    * Pamphlets
    * Learning games
    * Videotapes, slides, and films
    * Puppets and dolls
    * Health fairs
  4. Implementing the plan
    * Designated teachers
    * Parent education
  5. Evaluating effectiveness of teaching
33
Q

Categories of temperament

Children are rated as “easy to care for” if they have a predictable rhythmicity, approach and adapt to new situations readily, have a mild-to-moderate intensity of reaction, and have an overall positive mood quality?

A

THE EASY CHILD

33
Q

Categories of temperament

Some characteristics of both easy and difficult groups are present?

A

THE INTERMEDIATE CHILD

33
Q

Categories of temperament

Children are “difficult” if they are irregular in habits, have negative mood quality, and withdraw rather than approach new situations. Only about 10% of children fall into this category?

A

The Difficult child

34
Q

Categories of temperament

Children fall in this category if, overall, they are fairly inactive, respond only mildly and adapt slowly to new situations, and have a general negative mood?

A

THE slow -to -warm -Up Child

Maternal and Child Nursing (9 decks)

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