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Maternal and Child Nursing > Care of the growing fetus > Flashcards

Care of the growing fetus Flashcards

1
Q

THREE PERIODS OF FETAL GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT: (first 2 weeks, beginning with
fertilization)?

A

Pre-embryonic

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2
Q

THREE PERIODS OF FETAL GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT: (weeks 3 through 8)?

A

Embryonic

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2
Q

THREE PERIODS OF FETAL GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT: (from week 8 through birth)?

A

Fetal

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3
Q

From ovulation to fertilization?

A

Ovum

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3
Q

From fertilization to implantation?

A

Zygote

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4
Q

From implantation to 5-8 weeks?

A

Embryo

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5
Q

From 5-8 weeks until term?

A

Fetus

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6
Q

Developing embryo and placental structures throughout pregnancy?

A

Conceptus

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7
Q

(also referred to as
conception and impregnation): union of
ovum and spermatozoon?

A

Fertilization

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8
Q

The earliest age at which fetuses survive if they are born generally accepted as 24 weeks or at the point a fetus weighs more than 500-600g?

A

Age of viability

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9
Q

contact between growing
structure and uterine endometrium,
approximately 8 to 10 days after
fertilization?

A

Implantation

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10
Q

It serves as the fetal lungs, kidneys, and
digestive tract in utero as well as help
provide protection for the fetus, begin
growth in early pregnancy in coordination
with embryo growth?

A

The placenta and membranes

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10
Q

As early as the 11th or 12th day after
fertilization, miniature villi, resembling
probing fingers and termed ____ ____,
reach out from the trophoblast cells into the
uterine endometrium to begin formation of the
placenta?

A

chorionic villi

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10
Q

It is now typically termed
the decidua (the Latin word for “falling
off”) or called Uterine lining because it will
be discarded after birth of the child?

A

endometrium

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11
Q

What are the placental hormones?

A

-hCG,
somatomammotropin(human placental
lactogen [hPL]), estrogen, and progesterone

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12
Q

Also called Langhans’ layer, appears to have a second
function to protect the growing embryo and
fetus from certain infectious organisms such
as the spirochete of syphilis early in
pregnancy?

A

cytotrophoblast

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13
Q

A t the end of 2nd week, finger-like processes formed of outer syncytiotrophoblast and inner cytotrophoblast appear?

A

PRIMARY CHRIONIC VILLI

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14
Q

(Latin
for “pancake,” which
is descriptive of its
size and appearance
at term) grows from a
few identifiable trophoblastic cells at the
beginning of pregnancy to an organ 15 to 20 cm
in diameter and 2 to 3 cm in depth, covering
about half the surface area of the internal uterus
at term (Huppertz & Kingdom, 2012)?

A

Placenta

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15
Q

“hormone of women”
* contributes to the woman’s
mammary gland development in
* preparation for lactation and
stimulates uterine growth to
accommodate the developing
fetus?

A

Estrogen

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15
Q

“hormone that maintains pregnancy.”

A

Progesterone

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15
Q

a fail-safe measure to ensure the corpus luteum of
the ovary continues to produce progesterone and estrogen so the
endometrium of the uterus is maintained. hCG also may play a role in suppressing the maternal
immunologic response so placental tissue is not
detected and rejected as a foreign substance?

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin(hCG)

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15
Q

are hormone with
both growth-promoting and lactogenic (i.e., milkproducing) properties?

A

Human Placental Lactogen (Human Chorionic
Somatomammotropin)

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16
Q

is a dual-walled sac with the chorion as the
outmost part and the amnion as the
innermost part?

A

Amniotic Membranes

17
Q

constantly being newly formed and
absorbed by direct contact with the fetal
surface of the placenta?

A

Amniotic fluid

18
Q

Adisturbance of kidney function may cause
_____ or a reduction in the
amount of amniotic fluid?

A

oligohydramnios

18
Q

Amniotic fluid ranges from ____ at term?

A

800 to 1,200 ml

18
Q

excessive amniotic
fluid or?

A

hydramnios (more than2,000 ml
in total or pockets of fluid larger than 8 cm
on ultrasound) will result

18
Q

formed from the fetal membranes, the amnion
and chorion, and provides a circulatory
pathway that connects the embryo to the
chorionic villi of the placenta
* Its function is to transport oxygen and
nutrients to the fetus from the placenta and to
return waste products from the fetus to the
placenta?

A

UMBILICAL CORD

19
Q

Umbilical cord is ____ in length at term and about ____ thick.

A

53 cm (21 in.);2
cm (0.75 in.)

20
Q

The bulk of the umbilical cord is a gelatinous
mucopolysaccharide called _____,
which gives the cord body and prevents
pressure on the vein and arteries that pass
through it.

A

Wharton jelly

20
Q

An umbilical cord contains only one ____
(carrying blood from the placental villi to the
fetus) and ____ (carrying blood from
the fetus back to the placental villi)

A

vein;two arteries

21
Q

Fetal circulation differs from extrauterine
circulation because the fetus derives oxygen
and excretes carbon dioxide not from gas
exchange in the lungs but from exchange in the ___??

A

placenta

22
Q

Spontaneous respiratory practice
movements begin as early as ____
gestation and continue throughout
pregnancy?

A

3 months

23
Q

a phospholipid substance, is
formed and excreted by the alveolar cells of
the lungs beginning at approximately the
24th week of pregnancy. This decreases
alveolar surface tension on expiration,
preventing alveolar collapse and improving
the infant’s ability to maintain respirations
in the outside environment at birth?

A

Surfactant

24
Q

A ____ (a thickened portion of the
ectoderm) is apparent by the third week of
gestation. The top portion differentiates
into the neural tube, which will form the
central nervous system (brain and spinal
cord), and the neural crest, which will
develop into the peripheral nervous system?

A

neural plate

24
Q

By ____, the ear is capable of
responding to sound, and the eyes exhibit a
pupillary reaction, indicating sight is
present?

A

24 weeks

24
Q

The _____-supply a precursor
necessary for estrogen synthesis by the
placenta?

A

fetal adrenal glands

25
Q

_____, a collection of cellular wastes,
bile, fats, mucoproteins,
mucopolysaccharides, and portions of the
vernix caseosa (i.e., the lubricating
substance that forms on the fetal skin),
accumulates in the intestines as early as the
16th week.
* _____ is sticky in consistency and
appears black or dark green (obtaining its
color from bile pigment). An important
neonatal nursing responsibility is recording
that a newborn has passed meconium asthis
rules out a stricture (noncanalization) of the
anus?

A

Meconium

26
Q

another symphysis–
fundal height measurement (although,
again, not documented to be thoroughly
reliable), is an easy method of determining
midpregnancy growth?

A

McDonald’s rule

26
Q

The testes first form in the abdominal
cavity and do not descend into the scrotal
sac Until the ____week of
intrauterine life?

A

34th to 38th

26
Q

A child’s sex is determined at the moment
of conception by a spermatozoon carrying
an X or a Y chromosome and can be
ascertained as early as ___ by
chromosomal analysis or analysis of fetal
cells in the mother’s bloodstream?

A

8 weeks

27
Q

At term, fetal urine is being excreted at a
rate of up to ____?

A

500 ml/day

28
Q

from the notch of the
symphysis pubis to over the top of the
uterine fundus as a woman lies supine is
equal to the week of gestation in
centimeters between the 20th and 31st
weeks of pregnancy (e.g., in a pregnancy of
24 weeks, the fundal height should be 24
cm)?

A

Tape measurement

28
Q

an assessment of fetal well-being and
assesses the fetal heart rate for a normal
baseline rate?

A

RHYTHM STRIP TESTING

29
Q

measures the response of the fetal heart rate to fetal movement?

A

A nonstress test

29
Q

non-invasive procedure that uses sound to assess the well-being of a fetus?

A

Vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS)

29
Q

It measures the velocity at which red blood cells in the uterine and fetal vessels travel; noninvasive procedure that uses sound waves to examine blood flow in the fetus, uterus, and placenta during pregnancy ?

A

Doppler ultrasonography

30
Q

is an ultrasound that measures the amount of fluid behind the fetus’s neck in the first trimester of pregnancy?

A

Nuchal

30
Q

Placental Grading for Maturity: : between 12 and 24 weeks

A

0

31
Q

Placental Grading for Maturity: 38 weeks (Because fetal lungs are apt to be mature by 38 weeks, a grade 3 placenta suggests the fetus is mature.)
Amniotic Fluid Volume?

A

3

31
Q

Placental Grading for Maturity: 36 weeks

A

2

32
Q

Placental Grading for Maturity: 30 to 32 weeks

A

1

33
Q

another way to assess a growing fetus; has the potential to replace or complement ultrasonography as a fetal assessment technique because it can identify structural anomalies or soft tissue disorders ?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

34
Q

test is used during pregnancy to check the baby’s risk of birth defects and genetic disorders, such as neural tube defects or Down syndrome. The test does not diagnose any health conditions?

A

maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein test

34
Q

a prenatal test that analyzes a sample of amniotic fluid to diagnose genetic disorders, birth defects, and other conditions in an unborn baby?

A

Amniocentesis

Maternal and Child Nursing (7 decks)

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