Lesson 3 Flashcards
Prenatal care
What are the components of health history?
- DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
- CHIEF CONCERN
- FAMILY AND SOCIAL PROFILE
- PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
- FAMILY HISTORY
- GYNECOLOGIC HISTORY
- OBSTETRIC HISTORY
- TYPICAL DAY HISTORY
- REVIEW OF SYSTEMS
- PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT/EXAMINATION
What are the 8 common childhood diseases?
1.Asthma.
2.Bronchiolitis.
3.Chickenpox.
4.Cold.
5.Cough.
6.Croup.
7.Diarrhoea and vomiting.
8.Fever in children.
What is an example of a family history disease?
-these complex disorders are influenced by a combination of genetic factors, environmental conditions, and lifestyle choices.
- high blood pressure
- heart disease
- stroke
- certain cancers
- type 2 diabetes
Terms related to pregnancy status: The number of pregnancies that have reached viability, regardless of whether the infants were born alive?
PARA
Terms related to pregnancy status: A woman who is or has been pregnant?
GRAVIDA
Terms related to pregnancy status: A woman who is pregnant for the first time?
PRIMIGRAVIDA
Terms related to pregnancy status: A woman who has given birth to one child past age to viability?
PRIMIPARA
Terms related to pregnancy status: A woman who has been pregnant previously?
MULTIGRAVIDA
Terms related to pregnancy status: A woman who has carried five or more pregnancies to viability?
GRAND MULTIPARA
Terms related to pregnancy status: A woman who has carried two or more pregnancies to viability?
MULTIPARA
Terms related to pregnancy status: A woman who has never been and is not currently pregnant?
NULLGRAVIDA
the total number of pregnancies, including the current one?
GRAVIDITY
the number of pregnancies that went to full term (37+ weeks); The number of full term infants born at 37 weeks or after?
TERM
the number of pregnancies that were carried between 20 and 36.6 weeks; infants born before 37 weeks ?
PRETERM
the number of losses before 20 weeks ;The number of spontaneous or induced ____?
ABORTION
The number of living children is called?
LIVING
Multiple pregnancies is called?
MULTIPARA
It is an information about a woman’s current nutrition, elimination, sleep, recreation, and interpersonal interactions can be elicited best not by direct questions but by asking the woman to describe a typical day of her life ( A “24-hour recall”)?
TYPICAL DAY HISTORY
It is the physical assessment/examination that measures the height, weight, pre-pregnancy body mass index, vital signs, fundal height measurement (after 12 weeks), fetal heart sounds?
BASELINE DATA
It is the physical assessment/examination that fully examine the system to confirm general health?
SYSTEM ASSESSMENT
physical assessment/examination : general assessment, Pap smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) culture, additional cultures for chlamydia, gonorrhea, pelvic measurements may be taken?
PELVIC EXAMINATION
It is also known as fundal height; determining AOG in months by measuring from the fundus to the symphysis pubis in centimeters then divide by 4 The distance from the uterine fundus to the symphysis pubis in centimeters is equal to the week of gestation between the 20th and 31st weeks of pregnancy. The measurement is made from the notch of the symphysis pubis to over the top of the uterine fundus as the woman lies supine?
McDonald’s rule
It estimate AOG by the relative position of the uterus in the abdominal cavity?
BARTHOLOMEW’S RULE
By the ___lunar month, the fundus is palpable slightly above the symphysis pubis?
3rd
On the ___lunar month, the fundus is at the level of the umbilicus?
5th
On the ____ lunar month, the fundus is below the xiphoid process?
9th
The___ lunar months are in the same level because of the lightening on the 10th lunar month?
8th and 10th
This calculate the date of birth by this rule, count backward 3 calendar months from the first day of the last menstrual period and add 7 days.
Example: May 15 (count back 3 months, April 15, March 15, February 15) and add 7 days = February 22?
NAGELE’S RULE
Normal fetal heart sound?
120-160 per minute
a non-invasive technique that involves feeling a pregnant person’s abdomen to assess the position of the fetus. It’s a common procedure performed by a doctor or midwife late in the third trimester. The maneuver is named after Christian Gerhard Leopold, a German obstetrician and gynecologist?
Leopold’s maneuver
What are the 4 steps of Leopold’s maneuver?
- FUNDAL GRIP
- UMBILICAL GRIP
- PAWLIK’S GRIP
- PELVIC GRIP
This step determines the fundal height?
FUNDAL GRIP
This step locates the fetal back?
UMBILICAL GRIP
This step identifies presenting part?
PAWLIK’S GRIP
This step locates the fetal head?
PELVIC GRIP
The Leopold maneuver provides important information about the fetus, these are:
Position, size, and engagement
Fetal movement can be felt by the mother (Quickening) at ?
18-20 weeks
What are the 6 parameters?
Fetal breathing movements
Fetal movement
Fetal tone
Amniotic fluid volume
Fetal heart reactivity
Placental grade
a prenatal test that combines an ultrasound and a nonstress test to check the health of the fetus. It’s usually performed in the third trimester of pregnancy and is painless and noninvasive;10 is a perfect score, if four parameters are used, 8 is a perfect score. A score of 4-6 denotes a fetus in jeopardy; The results are scored using a system called Manning’s score, where each area is scored as either 0 (abnormal) or 2 (normal). A total score of 8 or 10 is normal, while 6 is borderline, and 4 or less is abnormal ?
biophysical profile
Psychological Task of Pregnancy:- Accepting the Pregnancy?
FIRST TRIMESTER
A healthy fetus moves at least ___ a day
10 times
Psychological Task of Pregnancy: Accepting the baby?
Second trimester
Psychological Task of Pregnancy: Preparing for the baby and end of pregnancy?
THIRD TRIMESTER
Physiologic Changes of Pregnancy are?
1.Integumentary System
-Striae Gravidarum
-Diastasis Recti
-Linea Nigra
-Melasma (Chloasma
2. Respiratory System
- Shortness of breath
Diaphragm may be displaced by 4cm upward
Respiratory rate increased by or 1 or 2/minute
- Nasal congestion or stuffiness – as a response to increased estrogen levels
3. Temperature
- Slight increase, as the placenta takes over the function of the corpus luteum at about 16 weeks, the temperature generally decreases to normal.
4. Cardiovascular System
- Increase in the total cardiac volume
- Easy fatigability and shortness of breath
- Heart murmurs
- Palpitations
- Edema and varicosities of the vulva, rectum and legs
- Fibrinogen level is increased by 50%
- Elevated white blood count
- Increase platelet count
- Increase blood lipid level
- Supine Hypotension Syndrome
5. Gastrointestinal System
- Heart Burn
- Constipation
- Flatulence
- Morning Sickness
- Hyperptyalism
6. Urinary System
- Urinary frequency
- Urinary stasis
- Urethral and kidney dilation
- Increase Glomerular Filtration Rate by 50%
7. Skeletal System
- Softening of the pelvic ligaments and joints (hormone relaxin)
- Lordosis increasing
- Leg cramps
8. Endocrine System
The placenta produces large amount of:
Estrogen – “hormone of women”
Progesterone – “hormone of mothers”
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HcG) – present in maternal blood and urine ( this is the hormone analyzed by pregnancy tests)
Human Placental Lactogen or Human Somatomammotropin – serves as antagonist to insulin
Relaxin – responsible for helping inhibit uterine activity and soften the cervix and collagen in body joints.
Prostaglandin – affect smooth muscle contractility to such an extent they may be the trigger that initiates labor at the pregnancy term
Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy: Are those that are least indicative of pregnancy, taken as single entities, they could easily indicate other conditions.
- Are largely subjective in that they are experienced by the woman but cannot be documented by the examiner.?
PRESUMPTIVE SIGNS
PRESUMPTIVE SIGNS are:?
Breast changes
Nausea and vomiting
Amenorrhea
Frequent urination
Fatigue
uterine enlargement
linea nigra
melasma
Striae gravidarum
PROBABLE SIGNS are:
SERUM LABORATORY TEST
CHADWICK’S SIGN
HEGAR’S SIGN
SONOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF GESTATIONAL SAC
POSITIVE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY are:
Sonographic evidence of fetal outline
Fetal heart audible
fetal movement felt by examiner
Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy: Probable signs of pregnancy refer to findings that can be documented by the examiner
- They are more reliable than presumptive signs of pregnancy; however, they are still not true diagnostic findings?
PROBABLE SIGNS
Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy: refer to objective findings indicative of pregnancy.
- They provide diagnostic evidence that a pregnancy exists.
POSITIVE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
Health Promotion during pregnancy includes:
Selfcare management
Sexual Activity
Exercise
Sleep
Recommended exercises to a pregnant mother are?
Pelvic rocking
Tailor sitting
Squatting
Kegel’s exercise
Calf stretching
Shoulder circling
Modified knee-chest
Leg elevation
Leg Raising
Discomforts of middle to late pregnancy are?
Backache
Headache
Dyspnea
Ankle Edema
Braxton Hicks Contraction
____is any factor, chemical or physical, that adversely affects the fertilized ovum, embryo, or fetus.
To reach maturity in optimal health, a fetus needs sound genes and a healthy intrauterine environment that protects from the influence of ___.
teratogens
What are the danger signs of pregnancy?
Vaginal bleeding no matter how slight
Swelling of face or fingers
Severe, continuous headache
Dimness or blurring of vision
Flashes of light or dots before the eyes
Pain in the abdomen
Persistent vomiting
Chills and fever
Sudden escape of fluid from the vagina
Absence of fetal heart sounds after they have been initially auscultated on the 4th or 5th month
Decrease in urine output
Rapid weight gain
What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy?
11.2 to 16kg kg (25 to 40 lb)
0.4 kg (1 lb) per month during the first trimester
0.4 kg (1 lb) per week during the last two trimesters
Caloric needs?
An additional 300 calories (non-pregnant – 2,200 calories)
Total caloric intake of 2,500 calories
Protein needs?
An intake of protein increases to 60 gram daily ( an increase of 10 gram for non-pregnant)
Fat needs?
Vegetable oils are a good source of fatty acid
Folate deficiency can lead to?
megaloblastic anemia and associated with fetal neural tube defects
Mineral Needs
Calcium and Phosphorus ?
1200 to 1500 mg
Mineral Needs
Iron ?
30 mg per day
Foods to avoid during pregnancyare?
Foods with Caffeine
Artificial Sweeteners
Wright Loss Diets
Needed Iodine ?
175 µg daily during pregnancy. Seafood is the best source.
Needed zinc per day?
15 mg
