Immediate Newborn Care Flashcards by Marie G.

What does APGAR stands for?

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does 7-10 score in APGAR implies??

G o o d a d j u s t m e n t , v i g o r o u s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does 4-6 score in APGAR implies?

M o d e r a t e l y d e p r e s s e d i n f a n t ,
n e e d s a i r w a y c l e a r a n c e

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

C a n b e u s e d t o e s t i m a t e d e g r e e s o f r e s p i r a t o r y
d i s t r e s s i n n e w b o r n s?

T H E S I L V E R M A N A N D A N D E R S E N S C O R I N G S Y S T E M

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does 0-3 score in APGAR implies?

S e v e r e l y d e p r e s s e d i n f a n t , i n
n e e d o f r e s u s c i t a t i o n

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In T H E S I L V E R M A N A N D A N D E R S E N S C O R I N G S Y S T E M what are the things that need to be assessed to determine a good respiration of the newborn?

Chest movement
Intercoastal retraction
Xiphoid Retraction
Nares dilatation
Respiratory grunt

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does a score of 0 indicates in T H E S I L V E R M A N A N D A N D E R S E N S C O R I N G S Y S T E M?

n o r e s p i r a t o r y
d i s t r e s s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does a score of 4-6 indicate in T H E S I L V E R M A N A N D A N D E R S E N S C O R I N G S Y S T E M?

m o d e r a t e l y
d e p r e s s e d

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does a score of 7-10 indicates in T H E S I L V E R M A N A N D A N D E R S E N S C O R I N G S Y S T E M?

m e a n s s e v e r e l y
d e p r e s s e d

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

V i t a l S t a t i s t i c s
f o r a n e w b o r n i n c l u d e:

w e i g h t ,
l e n g t h a n d h e a d a n d c h e s t c i r c u m f e r e n c e

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average newborn head circumference is?

34-35 cm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average newborn temperature?

37 degrees celsius, 4 hours after birth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average newborn heart rate?

110-160 1 hr after birth; 180 after birth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average newborn respiration?

30-60 bpm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average newborn weight?

2.5-3.5 kg

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average newborn length?

46-54 cm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What ar ethe 4 separate mechanisms in which newborns lose heat?

-CONVECTION
-CONDUCTION
-RADIATION
-EVAPORATION

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

i s t h e t r a n s f e r o f b o d y h e a t t o a
c o o l e r s o l i d o b j e c t n o t i n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e
b a b y , s u c h a s a c o l d w i n d o w o r a i r
c o n d i t i o n e r ?

R a d i a t i o n

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

i s t h e t r a n s f e r o f b o d y h e a t
t o a c o o l e r s o l i d o b j e c t i n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e b a b y?

C o n d u c t i o n

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

i s t h e f l o w o f h e a t f r o m t h e
n e w b o r n ’ s b o d y s u r f a c e t o c o o l e r
s u r r o u n d i n g a i r ?

C o n v e c t i o n

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

i s l o s s o f h e a t t h r o u g h
c o n v e r s i o n o f a l i q u i d t o a v a p o r . N e w b o r n s
a r e w e t , a n d t h e y l o s e a g r e a t d e a l o f h e a t a s
t h e a m n i o t i c f l u i d o n t h e i r s k i n e v a p o r a t e s?

E v a p o r a t i o n

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is the p l a c i n g a n e w b o r n a g a i n s t t h e m o t h e r ’ s s k i n a n d t h e n c o v e r i n g t h e n e w b o r n
a l s o h e l p s t o t r a n s f e r h e a t f r o m t h e m o t h e r t o
t h e n e w b o r n ; t h i s i s t e r m e d?

k a n g a r o o c a r e

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a n e f f i c i e n t m e a n s o f c o n s e r v i n g
h e a t i n a d u l t s , i s n o t e f f e c t i v e i n n e w b o r n s
b e c a u s e t h e y h a v e l i t t l e s u b c u t a n e o u s f a t t o
p r o v i d e i n s u l a t i o n?

I n s u l a t i o n

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

C A R E F O R T H E E Y E S : _________
A d m i n i s t e r i n g E r y t h r o m y c i n o r
T e t r a c y c l i n e O p h t h a l m i c
O i n t m e n t

C r e d e ’ s P r o p h y l a x i s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a m e a n s o f i n c r e a s i n g m e t a b o l i s m a n d t h e r e b y p r o v i d i n g h e a t i n a d u l t s , i s a l s o r a r e l y s e e n i n n e w b o r n s?

* S h i v e r i n g

a s p e c i a l t i s s u e f o u n d i n m a t u r e n e w b o r n , a p p a r e n t l y h e l p s t o c o n s e r v e o r p r o d u c e b o d y h e a t b y i n c r e a s i n g m e t a b o l i s m?

* B r o w n f a t

r e s p i r a t o r y d e p t h , r a t e a n d r h y t h m a r e i r r e g u l a r w i t h s h o r t p e r i o d s o f a p n e a ( w i t h o u t c y a n o s i s ) w h i c h l a s t l e s s t h a n 1 5 s e c o n d s , c a l l e d a s?

p e r i o d i c r e s p i r a t i o n s

Average newborn blood pressure?

8 0 / 4 6 m m H g a t b i r t h . B y t h e 1 0 t h d a y , i t r i s e s t o a b o u t 1 0 0 / 5 0 m m H g

_______p r e v e n t s b l e e d i n g d i s o r d e r c a l l e d H e m o r r h a g i c D i s e a s e o f t h e N e w b o r n ( H D N )?

vitamin K

B l o o d v o l u m e?

8 0 t o 1 1 0 m L p e r k i l o g r a m o f b o d y w e i g h t , o r a b o u t 3 0 0 m L t o t a l .

H e m o g l o b i n l e v el ?

1 7 t o 1 8 g / 1 0 0 m L o f b l o o d

H e m a t o c r i t i s ?

4 5 % a n d 5 0 % . A n e w b o r n a l s o h a s a n e l e v a t e d r e d b l o o d c e l l c o u n t , a b o u t 6 m i l l i o n c e l l s p e r c u b i c m i l l i m e t e r .

A n i n d i r e c t b i l i r u b i n l e v e l a t b i r t h i s?

1 t o 4 m g / 1 0 0 mL.

A n e w b o r n h a s a n e q u a l l y h i g h w h i t e b l o o d c e l l c o u n t a t b i r t h , a b o u t ?

1 5 , 0 0 0 t o 3 0 , 0 0 0 c e l l s / m m 3

* T H E A V E R A G E N E W B O R N V O I D S W I T H I N ____ A F T E R B I R T H?

2 4 H O U R S

A S I N G L E V O I D I N G I N A N E W B O R N I S O N L Y A B O U T?

15 ML

* S P E C I F I C G R A V I T Y R A N G E S F R O M?

1 . 0 0 8 T O 1 . 0 1

T H E D A I L Y U R I N A R Y O U T P U T F O R T H E F I R S T 1 O R 2 D A Y S I S A B O U T?

3 0 T O 6 0 M L T O T A L

This reflex p r o t e c t t h e e y e f r o m a n y o b j e c t c o m i n g n e a r i t b y r a p i d e y e l i d c l o s u r e?

B l i n k R e f l e x

n e w b o r n ’ s c h e e k i s b r u s h e d o r s t r o k e d n e a r t h e c o r n e r o f t h e m o u t h , t h e c h i l d w i l l t u r n t h e h e a d i n t h a t d i r e c t i o n . T h e r e f l e x d i s a p p e a r s a t a b o u t t h e 6 t h w e e k o f l i f e ?

R o o t i n g R e f l e x

w h e n a n e w b o r n ’ s l i p s a r e t o u c h e d , t h e b a b y m a k e s a s u c k i n g m o t i o n?

S u c k i n g R e f l e x

f o o d t h a t r e a c h e s t h e p o s t e r i o r p o r t i o n o f t h e t o n g u e i s a u t o m a t i c a l l y s w a l l o w e d?

S w a l l o w i n g R e f l e x

a n e w b o r n w i l l e x t r u d e a n y s u b s t a n c e t h a t i s p l a c e d o n t h e a n t e r i o r p o r t i o n o f t h e t o n g u e . T h e p r o t e c t i v e r e f l e x p r e v e n t s t h e s w a l l o w i n g o f i n e d i b l e s u b s t a n c e s ?

E x t r u s i o n R e f l e x

n e w b o r n w i l l g r a s p a n o b j e c t p l a c e d i n t h e i r p a l m b y c l o s i n g t h e i r f i n g e r s o n i t . M a t u r e n e w b o r n g r a s p s o s t r o n g l y t h e y c a n b e r a i s e d f r o m a s u p i n e p o s i t i o n a n d b e s u s p e n d e d m o m e n t a r i l y f r o m t h e e x a m i n e r ’ s f i n g e r s?

P a l m a r G r a s p R e f l e x

s i m i l a r t o t h e s t e p -i n-p l a c e r e f l e x , e x c e p t i t i s e l i c i t e d b y t o u c h i n g t h e a n t e r i o r s u r f a c e o f a n e w b o r n ’ s l e g a g a i n s t t h e e d g e o f a b a s i n e t o r t a b l e?

P l a c i n g R e f l e x

n e w b o r n s w h o a r e h e l d i n a v e r t i c a l p o s i t i o n w i t h t h e i r f e e t t o u c h i n g a h a r d s u r f a c e w i l l t a k e a f e w q u i c k , a l t e r n a t i n g s t e p s?

S t e p ( W a l k )-i n-P l a c e R e f l e x

w h e n a n o b j e c t t o u c h e s t h e s o l e o f a n e w b o r n ’ s f o o t a t t h e b a s e o f t h e t o e s , t h e t o e s g r a s p i n t h e s a m e m a n n e r a s t h e f i n g e r s d o?

P l a n t a r G r a s p R e f l e x

w h e n n e w b o r n s l i e o n t h e i r b a c k s , t h e i r h e a d s u s u a l l y t u r n t o o n e s i d e o r t h e o t h e r . T h e a r m a n d t h e l e g o n t h e s i d e t o w h i c h t h e h e a d t u r n s e x t e n d , a n d t h e o p p o s i t e a r m a n d l e g c o n t r a c t?

T o n i c N e c k R e f l e x

c a n b e i n i t i a t e d b y s t a r t l i n g t h e n e w b o r n b y a l o u d n o i s e o r b y j a r r i n g t h e b a s s i n e t?

M o r o R e f l e x

w h e n t h e s i d e o f t h e s o l e o f t h e f o o t i s s t r o k e d i n a n i n v e r t e d “ J ” c u r v e f r o m t h e h e e l u p w a r d , t h e n e w b o r n f a n s t h e t o e s .?

B a b i n s k i R e f l e x

i f p r e s s u r e i s a p p l i e d t o t h e s o l e s o f t h e f e e t o f a n e w b o r n l y i n g i n a s u p i n e p o s i t i o n , s h e p u s h e s b a c k a g a i n s t t h e p r e s s u r e . T h e s e r e f l e x e s a r e t e s t o f s p i n a l c o r d i n t e g r i t y?

Magnet reflex

O n e l e g o f a n e w b o r n l y i n g s u p i n e i s e x t e n d e d a n d t h e s o l e o f t h a t f o o t i s i r r i t a t e d b y b e i n g r u b b e d w i t h a s h a r p o b j e c t , s u c h a s t h u m b n a i l?

Crossed extension reflex

w h e n n e w b o r n s l i e i n a p r o n e p o s i t i o n a n d a r e t o u c h e d a l o n g t h e p a r a v e r t e b r a l a r e a b y a p r o b i n g f i n g e r , t h e y w i l l f l e x t h e i r t r u n k a n d s w i n g t h e i r p e l v i s t o w a r d t h e t o u c h?

T r u n k I n c u r v a t i o n R e f l e x

a n e w b o r n w h o i s h e l d i n a p r o n e p o s i t i o n w i t h a h a n d u n d e r n e a t h s u p p o r t i n g t h e t r u n k s h o u l d d e m o n s t r a t e s o m e m u s c l e t o n e?

L a n d a u R e f l e x

A p a t e l l a r r e f l e x c a n b e e l i c i t e d i n a n e w b o r n b y t a p p i n g t h e p a t e l l a r t e n d o n w i t h t h e t i p o f t h e f i n g e r . T h e l o w e r l e g w i l l m o v e p e r c e p t i b l y i f t h e i n f a n t h a s a n i n t a c t r e f l e x . T o e l i c i t a b i c e p r e f l e x , p l a c e t h u m b o f y o u r l e f t h a n d o n t h e t e n d o n o f t h e b i c e p s m u s c l e o n t h e i n n e r s u r f a c e o f t h e e l b o w?

D e e p T e n d o n R e f l e x

A g r a y c o l o r i n n e w b o r n s g e n e r a l l y i n d i c a t e s ___?

Infection

_____(b luen ess o f h and s and feet) is so p rominent i n some newb o rns th at i t app ea rs a s i f so me s t rict ure w ere cutting off circulat ion , with us ua l s kin co lo r on o ne s ide a n d b lue o n the o t h er ?

Acrocyanosis

_____l e a d s t o j a u n d i c e , o r y e l l o w i n g o f t h e s k i n . * T h i s o c c u r s o n t h e s e c o n d o r t h i r d d a y o f l i f e i n a b o u t 5 0 % o f a l l n e w b o r n s , a s a r e s u l t o f a b r e a k d o w n o f f e t a l r e d b l o o d c e l l s ( p h y s i o l o g i c j a u n d i c e ) . T h e i n f a n t ’ s s k i n a n d t h e s c l e r a o f t h e e y e s a p p e a r n o t i c e a b l y y e l l o w?

H Y P E R B I L I R U B I N E M I A

m a c u l a r p u r p l e o r d a r k - r e d l e s i o n ( s o m e t i m e s c a l l e d a p o r t w i n e s t a i n b e c a u s e o f i t s d e e p c o l o r ) t h a t i s p r e s e n t a t b i r t h . T h e s e l e s i o n s t y p i c a l l y a p p e a r o n t h e f a c e , a l t h o u g h t h e y a r e o f t e n f o u n d o n t h e t h i g h s a s w e l l .?

N e v u s F l a m m e u s

O c c a s i o n a l l y , b e c a u s e o f i m m a t u r e c i r c u l a t i o n , a n e w b o r n w h o h a s b e e n l y i n g o n h i s o r h e r s i d e a p p e a r s r e d o n t h e d e p e n d e n t s i d e o f t h e b o d y a n d p a l e o n t h e u p p e r s i d e , a s i f a l i n e h a d b e e n d r a w n d o w n t h e c e n t e r o f t h e b o d y . T h i s i s a t r a n s i e n t p h e n o m e n o n ; a l t h o u g h s t a r t l i n g , i t i s o f n o c l i n i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e . T h e o d d c o l o r i n g f a d e s i m m e d i a t e l y i f t h e i n f a n t ’ s p o s i t i o n i s c h a n g e d o r t h e b a b y k i c k s o r c r i e s v i g o r o u s l y?

Harlequin sign

A b o v e -n o r m a l i n d i r e c t b i l i r u b i n l e v e l s a r e p o t e n t i a l l y d a n g e r o u s b e c a u s e , i f e n o u g h i n d i r e c t b i l i r u b i n ( a b o u t 2 0 m g / 1 0 0 m L ) l e a v e s t h e b l o o d s t r e a m , i t c a n i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e c h e m i c a l s y n t h e s i s o f b r a i n c e l l s , r e s u l t i n g i n p e r m a n e n t c e l l d a m a g e , a c o n d i t i o n t e r m e d____?

kernicterus

r e f e r s t o e l e v a t e d a r e a s f o r m e d b y i m m a t u r e c a p i l l a r i e s a n d e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s M o s t a r e p r e s e n t a t b i r t h i n t h e t e r m n e o n a t e , a l t h o u g h t h e y m a y a p p e a r u p t o 2 w e e k s a f t e r b i r t h?

S t r a w b e r r y H e m a n g i o m a

a r e d i l a t e d v a s c u l a r s p a c e s . T h e y a r e u s u a l l y r a i s e d a n d r e s e m b l e a s t r a w b e r r y h e m a n g i o m a i n a p p e a r a n c e . H o w e v e r , t h e y d o n o t d i s a p p e a r w i t h t i m e a s d o s t r a w b e r r y h e m a n g i o m a s?

C a v e r n o u s H e m a n g i o m a

A l l n e w b o r n s e b a c e o u s g l a n d s a r e i m m a t u r e . A t l e a s t o n e p i n p o i n t w h i t e p a p u l e ( a p l u g g e d o r u n o p e n e d s e b a c e o u s g l a n d ) c a n b e f o u n d o n t h e c h e e k o r a c r o s s t h e b r i d g e o f t h e n o s e o f a l m o s t e v e r y n e w b o r n?

M I L I A

a r e c o l l e c t i o n s o f p i g m e n t c e l l s ( m e l a n o c y t e s ) t h a t a p p e a r a s s l a t e - g r a y p a t c h e s a c r o s s t h e s a c r u m o r b u t t o c k s a n d p o s s i b l y o n t h e a r m s a n d l e g s?

M O N G O L I A N S P O T S

t h e fi n e , d o w n y h a i r t h a t c o v e r s a n e w b o r n ’ s s h o u l d e r s , b a c k , a n d u p p e r a r m s ?

L A N U G O

a w h i t e , c r e a m c h e e s e –l i k e s u b s t a n c e t h a t s e r v e s a s a s k i n l u b r i c a n t i n u t e r o . U s u a l l y , i t i s n o t i c e a b l e o n a t e r m n e w b o r n ’ s s k i n , a t l e a s t i n t h e s k i n f o l d s , a t b i r t h?

V E R N I X C A S E O S A

W i t h i n 2 4 h o u r s a f t e r b i r t h , t h e s k i n o f m o s t n e w b o r n s h a s b e c o m e e x t r e m e l y d r y . T h e d r y n e s s i s p a r t i c u l a r l y e v i d e n t o n t h e p a l m s o f t h e h a n d s a n d s o l e s o f t h e f e e t . * T h i s r e s u l t s i n a r e a s o f p e e l i n g s i m i l a r t o t h o s e c a u s e d b y s u n b u r n . T h i s i s n o r m a l , h o w e v e r , a n d n e e d s n o t r e a t m e n t?

D E S Q U A M A T I O N

I t b e g i n s w i t h a p a p u l e , i n c r e a s e s i n s e v e r i t y t o b e c o m e e r y t h e m a b y t h e s e c o n d d a y , a n d t h en d i s a p p e a r s b y t h e t h i r d d a y . I t i s s o m e t i m e s c a l l e d a fl e a -b i t e r a s h b e c a u s e t h e l e s i o n s a r e s o m i n u s c u l e . ?

E R Y T H E M A T O X I C U M