WEEK 11 Flashcards
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Refers to children between the ages of 6 and 12 years?
School age
Weight gain during schoolage is?
approximately 3 to 5 lb (1.3 to 2.2 kg) annually
Height increase during school age is?
1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5cm)
Brain growth is?
By 10 years completed
Pulse rate during school age is?
decreases in 70 to 80 bpm
Blood pressure during schoolage is?
Rises to 112/60 mmHg
In this age, fine motor coordination becomes refines; eye globe reaches its final shape and eruption of permanent teeth and growth of jaw?
10 years old
The school-age period is a time for parents to discuss with children the physical changes that will occur and the sexual responsibility these changes dictate?
SEXUAL,PHYSICAL CONCERNS
In this age, – immune globulins IgG and IgA reach adult level and lymphatic tissues continues to grow until this age?
9 years old
Timing of the onset of puberty varies widely between 8-14 years of age
This change in onset of puberty is important because it means for sex education to be effective, parents or schools must introduce this material as early as when their children are in grade school??
SEXUAL MATURATION
What are the concerns of girls?
- Girls are usually conscious of breast development
- Early preparation for menstruation is an important preparation for future childbearing and for a girl’s concept of herself as a woman
- Girls also need to know that vaginal secretions will begin to be present
- Most girls have some menstrual irregularity during the first year
What are the concerns of boys?
- Hypertrophy of breast tissue (gynecomastia) can occur in prepubescent boys, most often in those who are stocky or obese
- Some boys can also become concerned because, although they have pubic hair, they cannot yet grow a beard or do not have chest hair
- As increased seminal fluid begins to be produced, boys begin to notice ejaculation during sleep, termed nocturnal emissions
Language Development
can carry on an adult conversation, although stories are limited because of a lack of experience?
12 years old
____teeth are lost and permanent teeth erupt during the school-age ?
Deciduous
The average child gains____ teeth between 6 and 12 years of age
28
The average child gains 28 teeth between 6 and 12 years of age,these are:
- central and lateral incisors
- first, second, and third cuspids
- first and second molars
Developmental Milestones
Children have enough coordination to walk a straight line, may can ride a bicycle and they learn to skip rope with practice?
Gross Motor Development
Developmental Milestones
- Writing begins to look mature and less awkward
- 6 years old – can tie shoelaces, cut and paste well and draw a person with a good detail
- Older children begin to evaluate their teacher’s ability and maybe the time a child is turned on to reading
- 10 years old – become very interested in rule and fairness
- 11 and 12 years old – enjoy dancing and playing table games
- Accommodating enough to play with their younger siblings and typically like to do jobs around the house or baby sitting for the money
Fine motor development(involves play)
Developmental Milestones
can tie shoelaces, cut and paste well and draw a person with a good detail?
Fine Motor Development (involves play)
6 yrs old
Developmental Milestones
become very interested in rule and fairness?
Fine Motor Development (involves play)
10 yrs old
Language Development
can tell the time in hours but confuse with some terms like half – past or quarter to?
7 yrs old
Developmental Milestones
enjoy dancing and playing table games?
Fine Motor Development (involves play)
11 and 12 yrs old
Language Development
discovers dirty jokes and use it with their friends and uses swear words heard from adults to express anger?
9yrs old
Ideally, children enter the school age period with the ability to trust others and with the sense of respect for their own worth?
Emotional Development
Developmental Milestones
6 years old – talks easily in full sentences, using language easily with meaning
7 years old – can tell the time in hours but confuse with some terms like half – past or quarter to.
9 years old – discovers dirty jokes and use it with their friends and uses swear words heard from adults to express anger
12 years old – can carry on an adult conversation, although stories are limited because of a lack of experience?
Language Development
Developmental Milestones
talks easily in full sentences, using language easily with meaning?
Language Development
6yrs old
An important part of developing a sense of industry is learning how to solve problems
Parents and teachers can help children develop this skill by encouraging practice?
Problem Solving
____ are increasingly assuming responsibility for education about sex, safety, avoidance of substances of abuse, and preparation for family living.
Ideally, a child’s teacher will think of learning as fun and will encourage a child to plunge into new experiences??
School as a Setting to Learn Industry
If children are prevented from achieving a sense of industry or do not receive rewards for accomplishment, they can develop a feeling of inferiority or become convinced they cannot do things they actually can do. If the opposite, they will develop a sense of industry.
Positive reinforcement strengthens the actions.
Small tasks enjoyed best and can be finished shortly??
Developmental Task: Industry Versus Inferiority
- Parents of a school-age child may need to take a step forward in development along with their child
- Children 8 or 9 years of age begin to spend more and more time with their peers and less time with their family
- Role modeling is very important especially when it comes to developing and learning industry by assigning them simple and achievable tasks
- Humility always starts at home??
Home as a Setting to Learn Industry
A good time to urge children to learn compassion and thoughtfulness toward others is during the early school years, when children are first exposed to large groups of other youngsters?
Learning to Live with Others
Some children develop faster than others
Every group has some members who are almost adolescent and some who are still children, making social interactions sometimes difficult?
Socialization
The age period from 5 to 11 years is a transitional stage where children undergo a shift from the preoperational thought they used as preschoolers to concrete operational thought or the ability to reason through any problem they can actually visualize?
Cognitive Development
the ability to project oneself into other people’s situations and see the world from their viewpoint rather than focusing only on their own view?
Decentering
the ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived such as understanding that there can be more than one reason for other people’s actions?
Accomodation
the ability to appreciate that a change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in size?
Conservation
the ability to understand that objects can belong to more than one classification?
Class inclusion
School-age children begin to mature in terms of moral development as they enter a stage of preconventional reasoning, sometimes as early as 5 years of age
Remember that school-age children are rule oriented; when they ask for something, because they were good, they expect to receive what they are asking??
Moral and spiritual development
The most common problem of a school-age child is ____
Articulation
School refusal is a fear of attending school.
It is a type of “social phobia” similar to agoraphobia (fear of going outside the home) or separation anxiety disorder (SAD)?
School phobia
________ are progressive, destructive lesions or decalcifi cation of the tooth enamel and dentin
Preventable by proper brushing
Dental visits are recommended every 6 months
DENTAL CARIES
______a deviation of tooth position from the normal) may be congenital due to conditions such as cleft palate, a small lower jaw, or familial traits tending toward malocclusion
May be either crossbite (sideways) or anterior or posterior??
Malocclusion
Example nursing diagnoses?
- Health-seeking behaviors related to normal school-age growth and development
- Readiness for enhanced parenting related to improved family living conditions
- Anxiety related to slow growth pattern of child
- Risk for injury related to deficient parental knowledge about safety precautions for a school-age child
Children should be encouraged to eat a healthy breakfast to ensure the ability to concentrate during the school day while they can help in the preparation of nutritious foods??
Establishin healthy eating patterns
The development of proper etiquette is important, and parents can model this behavior
Meals eaten while watching television or performing another activity is a risk factor for obesity?
Fostering industry and nutrition
- Meeting the daily food allowance with high nutritional value should be practiced.
- Both girls and boys require more iron in prepuberty
- Adequate calcium and fluoride intake to ensure good teeth and bone growth??
Recommended dietary reference intakes
- Vegetarians need to obtain essential nutrients and the consumption of protein and calcium is important for muscle, bone and dental development
- Iron may be supplemented especially for girls with heavy menstrual flow?
Vegetarian diet
What are the health promotion of daily activities?
- Dress
- -Sleep
- Exercisse
- Hygiene
- Care of teeth
