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Applied Patho > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

Perfusion; HTN & MI

1
Q

Perfusion

A

passage of oxygenated capillary blood through body tissues

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2
Q

Laminar blood flow is

A

parallel

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3
Q

what is the greatest risk factor for formation of atherosclerosis

A

endothelial injury

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4
Q

Natriuresis, ANP, and BNP act at the nephron to retain water T or F

A

False, naturesis is a diuretic; gets rid of water

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5
Q

If a pts BP is 128/78 what category does it fall into

A

Elevated HTN

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6
Q

T or F; baroreceptor regulation of blood pressure is designed to correct short-term imbalances w/ position change

A

True, this is the reason you don’t pass out when you go from laying to standing

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7
Q

What are the main vessels in the body

A

Arteries

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8
Q

T OR F, The greater the pressure in the arteries and arterioles, the higher resistance against the the heart pump

A

TRUE:
- high BP= pressure backs up into the heart and resistance/ workload increase

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9
Q

What are the three distinct layers of the arterial wall

A
  • tunica adventita
  • tunica media
  • tunica intima
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10
Q

What is the Endothelium

A

A smooth, contiguous surface of endothelial cells that make up the outermost layer of all arteries and the heart

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11
Q

what are a few of the metabolic functions

A
  • fluid filtration
  • maintenance of blood vessel tone
  • hemostasis
  • angiogenesis; make new vessel
  • neutrophil chemotaxis; vehicle for WBC
  • hormone secretion
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12
Q

Larger the diameter of the vessel, higher the pressure T or F

A

FALSE
- larger diameter= pressure lower
- small diameter= pressure higher

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13
Q

Turbulent flow is

A
  • flow is interrupted which creates areas of stagnant blood and exposes the endothelial lining to blood constitutes
  • creates whooshing sound
  • flow is circular instead of parallel
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14
Q

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure (ideally around 40mm Hg)

A

Pulse pressure

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15
Q

The amount of blood ejected from the heart per contraction

A

Stroke volume

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16
Q

Period of cardiac contraction

A

systolic

17
Q

Period of cardiac relaxation

A

diastolic

18
Q

Arterial wall tension

A

the force in the vessel wall that opposed the distending pressure inside the vessel

19
Q

Why is a Troponin level necessary in addition the ECG to diagnosis an MI?

A

-Troponin level is needed with ECG to confirm MI diagnosis. Troponin levels can distinguish new damage where ECG will show new and old damage which may be mistaken for each other

20
Q

Why would it be important to give the patient with ACS or MI oxygen?

A

-To reduce the workload of the lungs which will in turn reduce workload for the heart as well. The supplemental oxygen helps with this and it ensures both the lungs and heart are getting adequate oxygenation.

21
Q

Why do they say patients should chew an aspirin tablet at the onset of chest pain?

A

-Aspirin can help reduce platelets from sticking onto eachother. Aspirin is also considered an antiplatelet which stops the platelets from sticking to eachother

22
Q

Why is nitroglycerin given to patients experiencing chest pain or a possible heart attack?

A

-Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator which makes the vessels bigger so pressure is reduced and blockage/ obstruction can also be cleared out.

23
Q

Why is Morphine often given to patients experiencing an acute MI?

A

-Morphine helps with the pain of an MI and it also helps take away the chest pressure/ elephant sitting on chest feeling

24
Q

Why can’t thrombolytic agents be given to every MI patient if they help dissolve blood clots?

A

-A patient could already be on a blood thinner and more blood thinning medication can cause patient to bleed internally.

25
Q

Why is a patient likely to suffer a cardiac dysrhythmia after experiencing an MI?

A

-The heart electrical current goes all wonky and become interrupted due to the heart having to overcompensate for a blockage or low blood supply with high demand. Along with the dead tissue is no longer able to conduct energy to go throughout the heart and body.

26
Q

Why is the extent of damage caused by an MI influenced by the location of the occlusion, the length of time occluded and the heart’s availability of collateral circulation?

A

Location: Vessel below the area can be blocked off and ischemic injury occurs due to lack of oxygen resulting in tissue death
Time: More time wasted means more heart tissue damage
Collateral circulation: Does the blood have another pathway to go to or is it going to be blocked

27
Q

Blood pressure regulation systems

A
  • baroreceptors
  • RAAS
  • Antidiuretic hormone(ADH)
  • natriuresis; natural diuretic
28
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoprotein
- BAD Cholesterol

29
Q

HDL

A
  • high density lipoprotein
  • GOOD cholesterol
30
Q

what are the 3 layers of the heart wall

A
  1. epicardium(outer)
  2. myocardium(middle)
  3. endocardium(very thin inner)
  4. pericardium(fibrous membrane sac)
31
Q

What are collateral branches

A
  • extra branches that were stimulated by exercise
  • additional paths of circulation
  • regenerating branches
32
Q

cardiac conduction system

A
  1. SA Nodes
  2. AV Nodes
  3. Left Bundle of His
  4. Right Bundle of His
  5. Purkinje fibers
33
Q

What happens if blood pressure drops and the cardiac output is constant

A
  • peripheral vascular resistance increases(vasoconstriction occurs)
  • trys and maintains cardiac output
34
Q

The nurse states that although atherosclerosis has many causes, the process is initiated with what event

A

Endothelial damage
- precursor; needs damage first before WBC/ foam cells come in play

35
Q

What is true for both hyperlipidemia and hypertension

A

They may present with few signs and symptoms, yet causes significant damage

36
Q

what are drug eluting stents

A

Platelets don’t stick to stent and they slide on through

37
Q
A

Applied Patho (11 decks)

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