Week 4

Question 1

List the many roles of the kidneys

Answer 1

• Waste Elimination
• Control Blood pressure; releases Renin
• Regulate RBC Production; releases erithopetin
• Break down drugs
• Glucose homeostasis
• Metabolize hormones
• Vit D synthesis and calcium balance; inactive when kidney doesn’t function properly
• Manage Electrolyte
• Balance pH of the bloodstream

Question 2

Renal function is dependent on

Answer 2

renal perfusion
- no perfusion, no function

Question 3

The amount of blood being filtered by the kidneys is the

Answer 3

Gloumeral Filtration Rate(GFR)

Question 4

Two main reasons that our kidneys are at risk for injury

Answer 4

• exposed to many toxins( nephrotoxins)
• Susceptible to ischemic injury; need lots of blood flow

Question 5

Three categories of kidney disfunction

Answer 5

prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal

Question 6

Prerenal dysfunction

Answer 6

• before the kidneys
• issues before it reaches kidney
• not perfusing well

Question 7

Intrarenal dysfunction

Answer 7

• inside the kidney
• injury to kidney itself

Question 8

Postrenal dysfunction

Answer 8

• outside/ after the kidney
• before going out of the body
• obstruction

Question 9

Most reliable indicator of kidney disfunction

Answer 9

Serum Creatinine

Question 10

3 types of dialysis

Answer 10

Hemodialysis, peritoneal, continuous renal replacement therapy (crrt)

Question 11

Prerenal potential causes of injury

Answer 11

• cardiac dysfunction; ^HR, CHF
• shock, not perfusing blood well

Question 12

Intrarenal potential causes of injury

Answer 12

• toxic medications(NSAIDS)
• any infection processes

Question 13

Postrenal potential causes of injury

Answer 13

• BPH
• Tumors
• Bladder issues
• Kidney stones

Question 14

Four phases of AKI

Answer 14

1. Initial
2. Oliguria
3. Diuresis
4. Recovery

Question 15

Most important thing to remember related to AKI Treatment

Answer 15

TREAT THE CAUSE!

Question 16

Nephron

Answer 16

Basic unit of the kidney

Question 17

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Answer 17

• Amount of blood being filtered by the kidneys
• per minute
• normal 90-120 ml/min

Question 18

Initial phase; AKI

Answer 18

• lasts hours to days
• time from the precipitating insult(injury) until the time of initial manifestations

Question 19

Oliguria phase; AKI

Answer 19

• significant decrease in GFR, urine output
• retention of fluid, urea, potassium, sulfate, and creatine
• inflammation begins to occur in the nephrons

Question 20

Diuresis phase; AKI

Answer 20

• kidneys are beginning to recover from initial injury
• increased urine output, might be “dumb” urine
• can take up to months

Question 21

Recovery Phase; AKI

Answer 21

• time needed for final repair of renal damage(months)
• starts with onset of increased urine output
• renal function returns to normal, urine is appropriately concentrated

Question 22

Hydronephrosis

Answer 22

• fluid in the kidney
• detected with ultrasound

Question 23

Which of the following signs or symptoms did the nurse educator notice that indicated urospesis
A. presence of leukocytes in the urine
B. burning on urination
C. presence of fever
D. bladder spasms

Answer 23

C.
Presence of fever

Question 24

Nephrolithiasis is another name for

Answer 24

Kidney stones