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Z-Anatomy 4 > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of Fibers Sympathetic

A

thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord [T1-L2]

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2
Q

Origin of Fibers paraympathetic

A

brain stem [cranial nerves] and sacral spinal cord

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3
Q

Length of Fibers Sympathetics

A

short preganglionic and long postganglionic

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4
Q

Length of Fibers parasympathetics

A

long preganglionic and short postganglionic

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5
Q

Location of ganglia sympathetic

A

close to the spinal cord

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6
Q

Location of ganglia parasympathetic

A

in the visceral effector organs

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7
Q

when are the pupils constrcited?

A

parasymtpathetic (don’t need to see far)

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8
Q

which cranical nerves carry parasympathetic?

A

3,7,9,10

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9
Q

oculomotor goes to where?

A

eye

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10
Q

facial [VII] goes to where>

A

salivary, nasal, and lacrimal glands

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11
Q

glossopharyngeal [IX] goes to?

A

parotid salivary glands

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12
Q

vagus [X] goes where?

A

heart, lungs, and most visceral organs

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13
Q

where do sacral 2-4 go?

A

large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs

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14
Q

the pupils dialtes in sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

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15
Q

craniosacral is assocaited with what? sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

parasympathetic

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16
Q

sympathetic or parasympathetic go to skin

A

only sympathetic

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17
Q

sympathetic or parasympathetic to adrenal medulla

A

only sympathetic

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18
Q

sympathetic or parasympathetic: heart rate increases, and breathing is rapid and deep
 the skin is cold and sweaty, and the pupils dilate

A

sympathetic

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19
Q

arises from spinal cord segments T1 through L2

A

sympathetic

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20
Q

sympathetic neurons produce the ____________ of

the spinal cord

A

lateral horns

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21
Q

sympathetic pregangionic nerves that do NOT synapse

A

sphlanic nerves

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22
Q

fibers from T5-L2 form _______________s and

synapse with collateral ganglia

A

splanchnic nerve

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23
Q

how many gangilai in sympathetic trunk?

A

23 ganglia

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24
Q

there are __ pathways in which the sympathetic nerve fibers reach the peripheral structure

A

7

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25
Q

where do sympathetics start?

A

lateral horn

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26
Q

these fibers innervate sweat glands and arrector pili muscles

A

Pathways with Synapses in Chain Ganglia

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27
Q

these fibers:
serve the skin and blood vessels of the head stimulate dilator muscles of the iris
inhibit nasal and salivary glands

A

Pathways to the Head- sympathetic

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28
Q

these fibers innervate the heart via the cardiac plexus, the thyroid, aorta, lungs, and esophagus

A

Pathways to the Thorax- sympathetic

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29
Q

 these fibers [T5-L2] leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing
 they form thoracic, lumbar, and sacral splanchnic nerves

A

Pathways with Synapses in Collateral Ganglia- sympathetic

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30
Q
  • they travel through the thoracic splanchnic nerves and synapse at the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia
  • postganglionic fibers serve the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and kidneys
A

Pathways to the Abdomen- sympathetic

31
Q

 most travel via the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves to the inferior mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia
 postganglionic fibers serve the distal half of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the reproductive organs

A

Pathways to the Pelvis- sympathetic

32
Q

 fibers of the thoracic splanchnic nerve pass directly to the adrenal medulla, upon stimulation, medullary cells secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood

A

Pathways to the Adrenal Medulla- sympathetic

33
Q

adrenal medulla is part of what nervous system

A

sympathetic nervous system

34
Q

no post ganglionic where?

A

adrenal

35
Q

visceral reflexes are alwaya they are always_________ pathways

A

polysynaptic

36
Q

pain stimuli arising from the viscera are perceived as somatic in origin

A

referred pain

37
Q

two major neurotransmitters of the ANS

A

acetylcholine [ACh] and norepinephrine [NE]

38
Q

preganglionics in PNS and SNS use what neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine [ACh]

39
Q

ACh-releasing fibers

A

cholinergic fibers

40
Q

sympathetic postganglionic axons that release NE

A

adrenergic fibers

41
Q

neurotransmitter effects can be excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the ____________

A

receptor type

42
Q

the two types of receptors that bind ACh

A
  1. nicotinic

2. muscarinic

43
Q

when Ach binds to a nicotinc it is

A

stimulatory (ALWAYS) leads to depolorization

44
Q

 motor end plates [somatic targets]
 all preganglionic neurons of both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
 the hormone-producing cells of the adrenal medulla

A

nicotinic

45
Q

nicotinic these receptors blocked by the poison______  blocks NMJ causing paralysis

A

curare

46
Q

activated nicotinic receptors stimulate the _________

A

somatic nervous sytem

47
Q

in the CNS, release dopamine [leads to addiction]

A

nicotinic

48
Q

can be either inhibitory or excitatory

A

muscarinic

49
Q

the two types of adrenergic receptors

A

are alpha and beta

50
Q

which receptors for norepinephrine are inhibiroty/ stimulatoryq

A

α receptors is generally stimulatory

 β receptors is generally inhibitory

51
Q

a notable exception:

 NE binding to β receptors of the______ is stimulatory

A

heart (beta blockers)- reduce heart stimulation/BP

52
Q

what to beta blockers do in the heart?

A

educeheartrate[–chronotropic]

 reduceforceofcontraction[–inotropic]

53
Q

what to beta blockers do in the kidneys?

A

reduce renin release [BP]

54
Q

what to beta blockers do in the vasculatrue?

A

cause vasodilation [BP]

55
Q

which systemp control blood pressure?

A

sympathetics

56
Q

ANS cooperation is best seen in control of the _________________

A

external genitalia

57
Q

___________ fibers cause ejaculation of semen in males and reflex peristalsis in females

A

sympathetic

58
Q

____________fibers cause vasodilation and are responsible for erection of the penis and clitoris

A

parasympathetic

59
Q

which things are ruled only by sympathetic nervous system

A

adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, and most blood vessels

60
Q

sympathetic impulses activate the kidneys to release_________

A

renin (increasing BP)

61
Q

the __________ division exerts short-lived, highly localized control

A

parasympathetic

62
Q

the__________ division exerts long-lasting, diffuse effects

A

sympathetic

63
Q

sympathetic activation is long-lasting because of

A

norepinephrine

64
Q

the _________ is the main integration center of ANS activity

A

hypothalamus

65
Q

 heart activity and blood pressure
 body temperature, water balance, and endocrine activity
 emotional stages [rage, pleasure] and biological drives [hunger, thirst, sex]
 reactions to fear and the “fight-or-flight” system

A

hypothalamus

66
Q

the effectors of the Somatic NS are ___________

A

skeletal muscles

67
Q

the effectors of the ANS are

A

cardiac muscle

 smooth muscle  glands

68
Q

axons of the ANS are a___-neuron chain

A

two

69
Q

in the ANS:

 all preganglionic fibers release _____

A

ACh

70
Q

ANS effect on the target organ is dependent upon the neurotransmitter released and the ____________ of the effector

A

receptor type

71
Q

sympathetic neuron preganglionic release what?

A

ACh

72
Q

sympathetic neuron postganglionic release what?

A

NE

73
Q

parasympathetic neuron preganglionic release what?

A

ACh

74
Q

parasympathetic neuron postganglionic release what?

A

ACh

Z-Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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