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Z-Anatomy 4 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

cerebral cortex = ______ matter

A

gray

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2
Q

basal nuclei = deeper _______ matter

A

gray

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3
Q

afferent impulses from all senses converge and

synapse in the _____________ except for what sense

A

thalamus

smell

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4
Q

main visceral control center of the body

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

stalk of the hypothalamus

 connects to the pituitary gland below

A

infundibulum

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6
Q

controls mechanisms needed to maintain normal body

temperature

A

hypothalamus

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7
Q

what hormones are made in the hypothalamus?

A

ADH and oxytocin

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8
Q

pineal gland extends from the posterior border and secretes

_______-

A

melatonin

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9
Q

pineal gland is part of what thalamus

A

epithlamaus

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10
Q

anterior brain increases in numbers of neurons and synapses

A

cephalization

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11
Q

in development the________ develops the neural plate

A

ectoderm

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12
Q

Fold become the crest, becomes the____

Groove becomes the tube becomes the_____

A

PNS

CNS

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13
Q

neural tube defects caused by lack of what?

A

low folic acid (B9)

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14
Q

incomplete closure of one or more vertebral lamina, resulting in protrusions of the spinal membranes and spinal cord through the clefts
Usually lumbar and sacral region

A

spina bifida

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15
Q

circumference of the head is smaller than average for the person’s age and sex

A

Microencephaly

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16
Q

absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp

Baby born unconscio9us and usually don’t survive

A

Anencephaly

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17
Q

ventricles arise from expansion of the_______ of the neural tube

A

lumen

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18
Q

____ ventricle found in the diencephalon 


A

third

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19
Q

_______ventricle found in the hindbrain dorsal to the pons

A

fourth

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20
Q

core of spinal cord= white or gray matter

A

gray matter

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21
Q

ridges; increase surface areas so your brain fits inside your skull

A

gyri

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22
Q

grooves

A

-sulci=

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23
Q

deep groove

A

fissures=

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24
Q

separate R and L brain

A

longitudinal fissure

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25
Q

-5 lobes of brain=

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula

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26
Q

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

A

-central sulcus

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27
Q

the _________and ____________ gyri border the central sulcus

A

pre-central

post central

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28
Q

Cerebral Cortex

-is gray or white matter

A

grey

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29
Q

enables sensation, communication, memory, understanding, and voluntary movements

A

cerebral cortex

30
Q

each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex acts ipsilateral or contralaterally

A

contralaterally [controls the opposite side of the body]

31
Q

control voluntary movement

A

motor areas

32
Q

what are the 4 motor areas of the brain?

A
  1. primary somatic motor cortex
  2. pre motor cortex
  3. brocas area
  4. frontal eye field
33
Q
  • in pre central gyrus
    - composed of pyramidal cells whose axons make up the corticospinal tracts
    - conscious control, precise skilled movements
A

Primary (somatic) motor cortex

34
Q
  • anterior to pre central gyrus

- controls learned, repetitious, or patterned motor skills
 - coordinates simultaneous or sequential actions

A

pre motor cortex

35
Q
  • anterior to the inferior region of the premotor area
    - present in one hemisphere [usually the left]
    - a motor speech area that directs muscles of speech
    - active while speaking
A

brocas area

36
Q

brocas area is usually on what side of the brain

A

left

37
Q

Broca’s Aphasia = ‘oral expressive aphasia’

A
  • comprehension is good

- can understand what words mean but have trouble with the motor output of speech

38
Q
  • anterior to the premotor cortex and superior to brooks area
    - voulntary eye movement
A

frontal eye field

39
Q

conscious awareness of sensation

A

Sensory area (perception)

40
Q

what are the 4 sensory areas of the brain

A
  1. primary somatosensory cortex
  2. somatosensory association cortex
  3. visual and auditory areas
  4. olfactory, gustation, and vestibular cortices
41
Q
  • located in the postcentral gyrus
    - receives info from skin and skeletal muscles
    - spatial discrimination
A

Primary somatosensory cortex

42
Q
  • located posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex
    - integrates sensory information
    - determines size, texture, relationship
A

Somatosensory Association Cortex

43
Q

-on extreme posterior tip of occipital lobe; gets visual info from retinas

A

primary visual cortex=

44
Q

surrounds the primary visual cortex; interprets

A

-visual association area=

45
Q

located at the superior margin of the temporal

lobe; receives information related to pitch, rhythm, and loudness

A
  • primary auditory cortex=
46
Q

= located posterior to the primary auditory cortex; stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sounds

A

auditory association area

47
Q

conscious awareness of odors; primitive part of rhinencephalon [nose-brain]

A

olfactory

48
Q

integrate diverse information

A

association areas

49
Q

what are the 4 assocaiton areas

A
  1. prefrontal cortex
  2. language areas
  3. general interpretation center
  4. visceral association areas
50
Q
  • anterior portion of the frontal lobe
    - intellect, cognition, recall, and personality
    - judgment, reasoning, persistence, and conscience
    - closely linked to the limbic system [emotional part of the brain]
A

pre frontal cortex

51
Q

the prefrontal cortex is closely linked with the _______ system

A

;imbic

52
Q

Wernickes area=

A

in lett hempishpehre, understanding and comprehension of spoken language

53
Q

speech is preserved [motor] but language content is incorrect

A

Wernickes aphasia= “sensory aphasia”;

54
Q

conscious perception of visceral sensations

	- upset stomach 
	- full bladder
A

Visceral Association Areas

55
Q

L and R brain; each hemisphere does certain things

A

laterlization

56
Q

cerebral dominance
- left hemisphere–language, math, and logic
right hemisphere–visual-spatial skills, emotion, and artistic skills

A

asa

57
Q

which fibers:
Connects gray area of 2 hemispheres
Corrposum collusum

A

Commissures (x-axis)

58
Q

which fibers Connect different part of same hemisphere

A

Association fibers (y axis)

59
Q

which fibers Enteres the hemisphere from lower brain or cord centers

A

Projection Fibers (z axis)

60
Q

masses of gray matter found deep within the cortical white matter 


A

basal nuclei

61
Q
  • voluntary muscular activity
  • attention and cognition
  • intensity of slow movements
  • inhibits unnecessary movement
  • input and output of cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus
A

Basal Nuclei

62
Q

hypokinetic disorders

A

Parkinson’s disease

63
Q

hyperkinetic disorders

A

Huntington’s disease

64
Q

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subfornial organ

-in 3rd ventricle

A

Diencephalon

65
Q

paired, egg-shaped masses that form the superolateral walls of the third ventricle

A

thalamus

66
Q

afferent impulses from all senses converge and synapse in the________ (except smell)

A

thalamus

67
Q

located below the thalamus, it caps the brainstem and forms the inferolateral walls of the third ventricle

A

hypothalamus

68
Q

main visceral control center of the body
infundibulum= stalk of hypothalamus that connect to pituitary
Blood pressure, heart rate, GI motility, breathing
Pleasure, fear, rage
Body temp
Hunger
Sleep wake cycles
Relseases ADH and oxytocin

A

hypothalamus

69
Q
  • contains pineal gland (melatonin)

- chroid plexus= secrets CSF

A

epithalamus

70
Q

Subfornial area

A

sensation of thirst when dehydrated

Z-Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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