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Z-Anatomy 4 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the resting membrane potential? (number)

A

-70

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2
Q

depolirzartion is ____ entering the ____

A

sodium entering cell

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3
Q

hyperpolorization is ____ (entering/leaving) the cell

A

potassium
leaving

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4
Q

hyperpolorization has to do with slightly too much ______ leaving cell

A

potassium

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5
Q

demyelination disease of the CNS=

A

MS

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6
Q

demyelination disease of the PNS=

A

Guillian Barre Syndrome

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7
Q

Integration ALWAYS is in what system

A

CNS

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8
Q

what system connects body to CNS

A

PNS

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9
Q

what nerves bring info to and from the spinal cord? how many are there?

A

spinal nerves
31

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10
Q

Sensory/motor nerves for face
Info to and from brain

A

cranial nerves
12

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11
Q

afferent nerves

A

arriving- towards brain

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12
Q

efferent nerves

A

exiting from brain

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13
Q

is sensory afferent or efferent

A

afferent- arriving

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14
Q

what system CNS to skeletal muscle
Vouluntary/ under conscious control

A

Somatic Nervous System

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15
Q

what nervous system does:
CNS to smooth muscle cardiac muscle, glands [visceral motor nerve fibers]
Involuntary
POTS

A

Autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic are parts of what nervous system

A

ANS

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17
Q 
supporting cells for neurons 
responsible for creating and maintaining an appropriate environment in which neurons can operate efficiently 
6 types (4 in CNS and 2 in PNS)
A

Neuroglia (“glial cells”)

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18
Q

4 types of neuroglila

A
  1. astrocytes
  2. microglial
  3. ependymal cells
  4. oligodendrocytes (jelly role)
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19
Q

Most abundant
Cover synapses and connect neuron to capillary
Deliver nutrients to neuron
Determine capillary permeability
Form synapse formation between neurons
Blood brain barrier

A

astrocytes

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20
Q

which neuroglia create the blood brain barrier

A

astrocytes

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21
Q

which neuroglia:
Protective role in CNS
Macrophage capability (immune system roles)

A

microglial cells

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22
Q

which neuroglia
Line central cavities of brain and spinal cord
Form CSF from blood

A

ependymal cells

23
Q

which neuroglia cells:
Form myelin sheath
proteolipid membrane that ensheaths the axons
Role in MS

A

oligodendrocytes (jelly role)

24
Q

Neuroglia of PNS

A

1, satellite cells
2. Schwann cells

25
Q

which Neuroglia of PNS:
Form myelin sheath around PNS
Vital to peripheral nerve regeneration
Like oligodendrocytes (jelly role)

A

Schwann

26
Q

Structural unit of nervous system
Conduct nerve impulse
High metabolic rate

A

neurons

27
Q

When new neurons formed in brain
Seen In embryo and children

A

Neurogenesis

28
Q

In adults new neurons formed in __________-

A

hippocampus

29
Q

Plasticity=

A

brain function moved to different area of brain if an area of brain is damaged; adaptive

30
Q

Cluster of cell bodies (in CNS)

A

= nuclei

31
Q

Clusters of cell bodies (in PNS)

A

ganglia

32
Q

short, tapering, diffusely branched off of cell body
main receptive [input] regions
Convey messages toward cell body by graded potentials

A

dendrites

33
Q

Axons arise from the __________ on cell body

A

axon hillock

34
Q

what part of the cell sends the action potential?

A

axon

35
Q

In PNS ________ that form myelin sheath don’t touch and form _____________(where the signal jumps)

A

Schwann cells
nodes of Ranvier

36
Q

white matter= myelinated or unmylenaited

A

myelinated (moving info)

37
Q

gray matter=

A

nerve cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers (info processing)

38
Q

what type of neuron are Between motor and sensory
20% of neurons in CNS

A

interneuron (association neurons)

39
Q

potential energy generated by separated charges

A

voltage

40
Q

flow of electron/charges

A

current

41
Q

insulators and conductors

A

resitance

42
Q

what part of the neuron is the insulator

A

myelin

43
Q

3 types of ion channels

A
  1. chemical gatted
  2. voltage gatted
  3. mechanical gatted
44
Q

who maintains the gradient in the cells

A

sodium potassium pumps

45
Q

Reduction in membrane potential
Inside becomes less negative than RMP
Ie. -70 to -45mV

A

Depolarization

46
Q

Increase in membrane potential
Inside becomes more negative than RMP
ie. -70 to -90mV

A

Hyperpolarization

47
Q

Short lived local membrane changes
From dendrite to cell body
Either depoloraition or hyper polarization
Can initiate action potentials
Beginning of graph before reaching threshold

A

graded potentials

48
Q
  • happen in excitable membranes
  • Electrical signal that moves down the axon
  • Tried reversal of membrane potential from -70 to +30
  • No decrease in strength with distance
A
49
Q

Saltatory propagation

A

action potential jumps at nodes of ranvier

50
Q

Conduction Velocity (Speed of AP conduction) determined by

A
  1. Axon diameter; large diameter= faster
    1. Amount of mylentation; more mylenation= faster
51
Q

which fiber groups are the pain fibers important with acupucnture

A

group c; not myelinated

52
Q

which fiber groups:

  • Large diameter, thick myelin
  • Skin, skeletal muscle, joints
A

group A

53
Q

which fiber groups:Serves autonomics

  • Touch and pressure receptors
A

group b

Z-Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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