Week 1 Flashcards
what is the resting membrane potential? (number)
-70
depolirzartion is ____ entering the ____
sodium entering cell
hyperpolorization is ____ (entering/leaving) the cell
potassium
leaving
hyperpolorization has to do with slightly too much ______ leaving cell
potassium
demyelination disease of the CNS=
MS
demyelination disease of the PNS=
Guillian Barre Syndrome
Integration ALWAYS is in what system
CNS
what system connects body to CNS
PNS
what nerves bring info to and from the spinal cord? how many are there?
spinal nerves
31
Sensory/motor nerves for face
Info to and from brain
cranial nerves
12
afferent nerves
arriving- towards brain
efferent nerves
exiting from brain
is sensory afferent or efferent
afferent- arriving
what system CNS to skeletal muscle
Vouluntary/ under conscious control
Somatic Nervous System
what nervous system does:
CNS to smooth muscle cardiac muscle, glands [visceral motor nerve fibers]
Involuntary
POTS
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic are parts of what nervous system
ANS
supporting cells for neurons responsible for creating and maintaining an appropriate environment in which neurons can operate efficiently 6 types (4 in CNS and 2 in PNS)
Neuroglia (“glial cells”)
4 types of neuroglila
- astrocytes
- microglial
- ependymal cells
- oligodendrocytes (jelly role)
Most abundant
Cover synapses and connect neuron to capillary
Deliver nutrients to neuron
Determine capillary permeability
Form synapse formation between neurons
Blood brain barrier
astrocytes
which neuroglia create the blood brain barrier
astrocytes
which neuroglia:
Protective role in CNS
Macrophage capability (immune system roles)
microglial cells
which neuroglia
Line central cavities of brain and spinal cord
Form CSF from blood
ependymal cells
which neuroglia cells:
Form myelin sheath
proteolipid membrane that ensheaths the axons
Role in MS
oligodendrocytes (jelly role)
Neuroglia of PNS
1, satellite cells
2. Schwann cells
which Neuroglia of PNS:
Form myelin sheath around PNS
Vital to peripheral nerve regeneration
Like oligodendrocytes (jelly role)
Schwann
Structural unit of nervous system
Conduct nerve impulse
High metabolic rate
neurons
When new neurons formed in brain
Seen In embryo and children
Neurogenesis
In adults new neurons formed in __________-
hippocampus
Plasticity=
brain function moved to different area of brain if an area of brain is damaged; adaptive
Cluster of cell bodies (in CNS)
= nuclei
Clusters of cell bodies (in PNS)
ganglia
short, tapering, diffusely branched off of cell body
main receptive [input] regions
Convey messages toward cell body by graded potentials
dendrites
Axons arise from the __________ on cell body
axon hillock
what part of the cell sends the action potential?
axon
In PNS ________ that form myelin sheath don’t touch and form _____________(where the signal jumps)
Schwann cells
nodes of Ranvier
white matter= myelinated or unmylenaited
myelinated (moving info)
gray matter=
nerve cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers (info processing)
what type of neuron are Between motor and sensory
20% of neurons in CNS
interneuron (association neurons)
potential energy generated by separated charges
voltage
flow of electron/charges
current
insulators and conductors
resitance
what part of the neuron is the insulator
myelin
3 types of ion channels
- chemical gatted
- voltage gatted
- mechanical gatted
who maintains the gradient in the cells
sodium potassium pumps
Reduction in membrane potential
Inside becomes less negative than RMP
Ie. -70 to -45mV
Depolarization
Increase in membrane potential
Inside becomes more negative than RMP
ie. -70 to -90mV
Hyperpolarization
Short lived local membrane changes
From dendrite to cell body
Either depoloraition or hyper polarization
Can initiate action potentials
Beginning of graph before reaching threshold
graded potentials
- happen in excitable membranes
- Electrical signal that moves down the axon
- Tried reversal of membrane potential from -70 to +30
- No decrease in strength with distance
Saltatory propagation
action potential jumps at nodes of ranvier
Conduction Velocity (Speed of AP conduction) determined by
- Axon diameter; large diameter= faster
- Amount of mylentation; more mylenation= faster
which fiber groups are the pain fibers important with acupucnture
group c; not myelinated
which fiber groups:
- Large diameter, thick myelin
- Skin, skeletal muscle, joints
group A
which fiber groups:Serves autonomics
- Touch and pressure receptors
group b
