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Behavioral Health > Week 8 - Schizophrenia & Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Week 8 - Schizophrenia & Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychosis?

A

Loses touch with reality (impaired reality orientation)
Hallucinations
Delusions

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2
Q

What are the psychotic disorders?

A

schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder

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3
Q

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A 
Delusions 
Hallucinations 
Disorganized thinking, speech, and behavior
Inappropriate affect 
Catatonia
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4
Q

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A 
Flat affect 
Alogia 
Avolition 
Anhedonia 
Lack of insight
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5
Q

What are delusions?

A

Disturbance in the content of thought
Irrational or false belief
Fixed and firmly held even with clear contradictory evidence or others’ attempts to persuade

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6
Q

What are hallucination?

A

Sensory experience that seems real to the person having it but it is not real

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7
Q

What are types of hallucinations?

A

auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory

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8
Q

What is rapid shifts from one topic to another?

A

loose associations

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9
Q

What are made up words?

A

neologisms

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10
Q

What is repeated words and statements?

A

perseveration

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11
Q

What is rhyming?

A

clang

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12
Q

What is inappropriate affect?

A

Showing emotions that are inconsistent with the situation

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13
Q

What is unusual motor symptoms?

A

catatonia

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14
Q

What are examples of catatonia?

A

Absence of all movement and speech
Move a person’s body part and it stays there for a long time
Uncontrolled motor activity
May hold an unusual or rigid posture for a long time

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15
Q

What is flat affect?

A

wing very little emotion
Monotone
Few changes in facial expression

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16
Q

what is alogia?

A

Speaking very little
Appears withdrawn
If speaks, speech is basic and brief

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17
Q

What is avolition?

A

Apathy, drained of energy, inability to initiate or persist in goal directed activities
E.g., self care, working, or communicating with others

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18
Q

What is lack of pleasure or interest in life activities?

A

anhedonia

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19
Q

What is poor insight into medical condition?

A

lack of insight

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20
Q

What are the phases of schizophrenia?

A

prodromal –> psychotic prephase –> active phase –> residual phase

21
Q

What happens in prodromal phase?

A

peculiar behaviors and negative symptoms

22
Q

What happens in psychotic prephase?

A

first full blown positive symptom

23
Q

What happens in active phase?

A

many positive and negative sx

24
Q

What happens in residual phase?

A

low grade sx

25
Q

What is the DSM-5 for schizophrenia?

A

A. 2 or more of the following, present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative symptoms
B. Level of functioning in 1 or more major areas is markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset
C. Continuous signs of disturbance for at least 6 months
D. Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have ben ruled out
E. Not due to substances or medical condition
F. With a history of autism spectrum disorder, or communication disorder in childhood, only diagnose schizophrenia if prominent delusions or hallucinations

26
Q

What is the time line required for schizophrenia?

A

1 mo of symptoms bu 6 mo disturbance

27
Q

What is DSM-5 for schizophreniform disorder?

A

A. 2 or more of the following, present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative symptoms
B. Episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months
C. Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have ben ruled out
D. Not due to substances or medical condition

28
Q

What is the timeline for schizophreniform?

A

1 mo symptoms but less than 6 mo disturbance

29
Q

What is schizoaffective DSM-5 criteria?

A

A. An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode concurrent with criterion A of schizophrenia
B. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode during the lifetime duration of the illness
C. Symptoms that meet criteria for major mood episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active residual portions of the illness
D. The disturbance is not due to substances or medical condition

30
Q

What are the specifiers for schizoaffective?

A

bipolar or depressive

31
Q

What is the DSM-5 for delusional disorder?

A

A. Presence of 1 (or more) delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer
B. Criterion A for schizophrenia has NEVER been met
C. Functioning is NOT markedly impaired and behavior is NOT obviously bizarre or odd
D. If mood episodes have occurred, they are brief relative to delusions
E. The disturbance is not due to substances or medical condition

32
Q

What is the criteria for brief psychotic disorder?

A

A. Presence of one (or more) of the following
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
B. Duration of the episode is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual full return to premorbid functioning
C. Not better explained by major depression or bipolar disorder with psychotic features or another psychotic disorder and not due to substances or medical condition

33
Q

What is the timeline for brief psychotic disorder?

A

at least 1 day but less than 1 mo

34
Q

What are medical conditions that cause psychosis?

A 
Substance abuse 
Thyroid disorder 
Delirium caused by infection 
Dementia 
Systemic lupus erythematosus 
HIV/AIDS
Vitamin B12 Deficiency 
Cushing syndrome 
Temporal lobe epilepsy
Brain tumor 
Wilson disease 
Porphyria
35
Q

What are some screening questions?

A

Do you ever hear or see things that other people do not?
Do your eyes or ears ever play tricks on you?
Do you feel that someone or something is out to get you?
Do you ever get special messages meant just for you from the newspapers, internet, television, radio, etc?

36
Q

What is the most common psychotic disorder?

A

schizophrenia

37
Q

What is the median age of onset for schizophrenia?

A

22 yo

38
Q

What are comorbid disorders with psychotic disorders?

A

anxiety disorders, depressive and bipolar disorders, and substance use disorders

39
Q

Who gets schizophrenia more?

A

men

40
Q

Who gets schizoaffective more?

A

women

41
Q

Who gets delusional disorder more?

A

women

42
Q

Who gets brief psychotic disorders more?

A

women

43
Q

What is important about psychotic disorder?

A

HIGH GENETIC BASIS

due to chromosome abnormalities or genetic mutations

44
Q

What is the dopamine hypothesis?

A

Excess dopamine hypothesis can explain positive symptoms but not negative symptoms

45
Q

What other NT may be involved?

A

noradrenaline, serotonin, GABA, glutamate

46
Q

What are the brain differences in psychotic pts?

A 
enlarged ventricles
undeveloped temporal lobe
reduction in brain size
smaller size in other areas
lack of asymmetry in areas related to language and decision making
47
Q

What are some prenatal issues that could result in psychotic conditions?

A 
virus or infection during pregnancy
hypoxic ischemia --> enlarged ventricles
low birth wt, head circum
maternal stress
exposure to rubella, encephalitis or malnutrition
48
Q

What are pt with psychotic disorders more likely to use?

A

marijuana

Behavioral Health (18 decks)

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