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Behavioral Health > Week 11 - Childhood Disorders > Flashcards

Week 11 - Childhood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the neurodevelopmental disorders>

A

intellectual disability, Autism spectrum disorder, specific learning disorder, ADHD

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2
Q

What are the impulse, conduct disorders?

A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct disroder

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3
Q

What are mood disorders?

A

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

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4
Q

What is neurodevelopment disorder with many areas of function delay?

A

pervasive developmental disorder

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5
Q

What is the IQ mean?

A

100

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6
Q

What is the standard deviation of IQ?

A

15

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7
Q

What is the DSM for intellectual disability?

A

A. deficits in function confirmed with clinical, individualized, standardized test (IQ

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8
Q

What are the types of intellectual disabilities?

A

mild, moderate, sever, profound

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9
Q

What is the prevalence of ID?

A

1% pop

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10
Q

Who is ID more common in?

A

boys

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11
Q

What are some comorbid disorders with ID?

A

autism. anxiety, depression, dementia, psychotic

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12
Q

What are some preg risk factors for ID?

A

teratogens, anoxia, premature

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13
Q

What are some childhood illnesses that are risk factors for ID?

A

encephalitis, meningitis, lead poisioning, head injuries, abuse

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14
Q

What are some risk factors for ID?

A

chromosome abnorm, metabolic disorders, preg prob, childhood illness, cultural-familial intellectual disabilty

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15
Q

What is the treatment for ID?

A

living arrangment, special education, self-care training, psychotherapy

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16
Q

Is ID pervasive?

A

yes

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17
Q

What are the two areas of deficit in ASD?

A

social communication and interaction

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18
Q

What are some associated problems with ASD?

A

ID, self-injurious, savant skills

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19
Q

What is the prevalence of ASD?

A

1 in 88

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20
Q

Who is ASD more common in?

A

boys

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21
Q

What are co morbid disorders with ASD?

A

ID, anxiety, depression, medical problems

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22
Q

What is a quick screening for autism?

A

M-CHAT

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23
Q

Who does M-CHAT screen?

A

toddlers 16-30 mo

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24
Q

What is the downside to M-CHAT?

A

high false positive

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25
Q

Is autism genetically linked?

A

yes strong heritability

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26
Q

What are the risk factors for autism?

A

prenatal issues, social brain issues (prefrontal cortex, limbic, amygdala, cerebellum, too many synapses, deficits in social cognition

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27
Q

How does an autistic brain differ than typical?

A

more pathways and weaker connections

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28
Q

What is the treatment for autism?

A

intensive behavior therapy - ABA, parent training
Sign language or communication tools
Academic tutoring/instructions
Special education services

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29
Q

What medtions can you use in autism?ica

A

anticonvulsants, atypical antipsychotics, psychostimulants

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30
Q

What are the three types of ADHD?

A

inattentive, hyperactive/impulse, combined

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31
Q

What are symptoms of IA ADHD?

A 
fails attention to detail/careless mistakes
difficulty sustaining attention
doesn't listen when spoken to
does not go through instructions
loses things
Avoids or dislikes sustained effort tasks
Easily distracted
Forgetful
32
Q

What are the symptoms of HI ADHD?

A

fidgets, leaves seat, runs or climbs, difficulty playing quietly, on the go, talks excessively, blurts out answers, difficulty waiting turn, interrupts

33
Q

How many symptoms and for how long do you need for ADHD?

A

> /=6 for 6 mo

34
Q

Who only needs 5 sx in ADHD dx?

A

> 17 yo

35
Q

What is the DSM criteria for ADHD?

A

A. 6 mo of 6 or more symptoms (interferes w/ fxn)
B. before age 12
C. 2 settings
D. evidence it interferes
E. does not occur during other mental illnesses

36
Q

What type of mental health disorder is ADHD?

A

chronic

37
Q

Who gets ADHD the most?

A

boys

38
Q

What is the severity of intellectual disorder based on?

A

adaptive functioning

39
Q

What is the DSM=5 for ASD?

A

A. defitits in social communication and interaction
B. restricted repetative patter of interest, activities
C. early development
D significant impairment
E not explained by ID or GDD

40
Q

What are the specifiers for ASD?

A

w or w/o intellectual impairment
w or w/o language impair
associated condition (genetic, medical, environmental)
associated with neurodevelopment, mental or behavioral disorder
w/ catonia

41
Q

What are the nonverbal issues for autism specturm disorder?

A

pointing, waving, gestures, EYE CONTACT

42
Q

What is special about girls with ASD?

A

usually worse

43
Q

What is joint attention and who doesn’t have this?

A

follows gaze of adult, AUTISM

44
Q

What are the comorbid disorders with ADHD?

A

oppositional defiant disorder, academic problems

45
Q

What is a way to assess for ADHD, ODD, and CD?

A

conners rating scales revised

46
Q

What is the scale that can rate ADHD and academic problems?

A

vanderbilt scales

47
Q

What is the scale that determines impact of sx on functioning?

A

Impairment Rating Scale (IRS)

48
Q

What are risk factors for ADHD?

A

genetic

maldevelopment of frontal striatal cerebellar circuits in brain

49
Q

What are the prenatal risk factors for ADHD?

A 
Prenatal exposure to alcohol 
Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke 
Prematurity 
Total increased pregnancy complications 
Maternal stress during pregnancy
50
Q

What are the risk factors for postnatal risk factors?

A

Hypoxia
Tumors, infections
Lead poisoning (0-3 years old)
Low birth weight

51
Q

What are the evidence based treatment for ADHD?

A

behavioral therapy - parent management
Medications - psychostimulants
combo meds

52
Q

What is the DSM=5 of learning disorder?

A

A. difficulties learning and using academic skills, at least one of the following SZ, persisting for 6 mo, despite provision of interventions to target difficulties
B. academic skills are below what is expected for age and intereferes with academic or daily living (confirmed by standard achievement meaures and comprehensive lcinical assessment)
C. learning problem begins during school age
D. not better accounted for by intellectual disability, uncorrected vision or auditory problems, or language issues

53
Q

How does ADHD present in preschool?

A 
High motor activity: always on the go, climbing on things, getting into things
Decreased or restless sleep
High curiosity
Vigorous, often destructive play
High attention needs
More intense temper tantrums
Require closer, more frequent monitoring
Disobedience
54
Q

How does ADHD present in elementary/middle school?

A

Academic difficulties; difficult homework time
School complaints of disruptive behavior (e.g., blurting out, leaving seat, missing directions)
Help with chores and responsibilities
Low frustration tolerance
Social difficulties; conflict and rejection
May have low self-esteem

55
Q

How does ADHD present in adolescence?

A

Approximately 70-80% still display sx; 40-70% ADHD persists
More restless and fidgety, rather than hyperactivity
Continued academic difficulties
Difficulty with authority figures
At risk for earlier sexual behavior and cigarette smoking
Higher rates of risky driving, substance abuse, and risky sexual behaviors

56
Q

How does ADHD present in adulthood?

A

Syndrome persists in 50%+
Prevalence in adults is 4%
More subtle presentation
Difficulties initiating and organizing daily tasks
Inconsistent performance and trouble with deadlines
Restlessness, trouble relaxing
Socially inappropriate

57
Q

What are the specifier for SLD?

A

reading, written, mathematics

mild moderate or severe

58
Q

What are the comorbities with SLD?

A

ADHD, substance use

59
Q

What is the assessment for SLD?

A

refer to school for testing, write letter

60
Q

What are the risk factors for learning disorder?

A

heritable, chromosomal abnormalities, exposure to teratogens

61
Q

What is the DSM 5 for ODD?

A

A. angry/irritable, argumentative, vendictiveness for at least 6 mo, 4 or more symptoms (towards someone that is not a sibiling)
B. disturbance causes individual or others distress, negat impact fxn
C. Not during psychotic, substancem depresive or bipolar
CRITERIA NOT MET FOR DMDD

62
Q

What are the angry/irritablity symptoms?

A

loses temper, easily annoyed, angry and resentful

63
Q

What are the argumentative definant behaviors?

A

argues with authority
noncompliant
deliberately annoys others
blames others for own mistakes

64
Q

What are vindictiveness?

A

spiteful or vindictive at least 2 times in past 6 mo

65
Q

What are the specifiers for ODD?

A

mild moderate severe

66
Q

What is the DSM-5 for conduct?

A

A. pattern of rights of others or society norms is violated with 3 of the 15 symptoms in the past yEAR with at least 1 criterion present in past 6 mo
B.Disturbance cause impairment in social, academic, or job
C. if 18+ , does not meet criteria for antisocial personality disorder

67
Q

What are the conduct disorder symptoms?

A 
Bullies/intimidates
Initiate physical fights 
Used weapon for harm 
Physically cruel to people
Physically cruel to animals 
Steals while confronting a victim
Forced sexual activity
Deliberate fire setting (intention to cause harm) 
Deliberate destruction of property
Broken into house, car, etc
Lies/cons to obtain goods/favors or avoid obligations
Steals without confronting victim 
Stays out all night (
68
Q

What are teh specifiers for CD?

A

Childhood onset, adolescent onset, unspecified onset
With limited prosocial emotions (lack of remorse/guilt, callous- lack of empathy, unconcerned about performance, shallow/deficient affect
Mild, moderate, severe

69
Q

Which one is more common ODD or CD?

A

ODD

70
Q

Who is ODD and CD more common in?

A

boys

71
Q

What are comorbid disorderswith ODD and CD?

A 
Comorbid with each other 
ADHD 
Substance Use Disorders 
Antisocial Personality Disorder (after age 18) 
Anxiety
Depression
Learning Problems
72
Q

What are risk factors for ODD and CD?

A

Modest heritability – below 50%
Genetic risk for difficult temperaments and hyperactivity/impulsivity that predisposes them for conduct problems
Emotional reactivity
Excessive emotional reactivity (low frustration tolerance)
Impulsivity and aggression
Coercive parent-child interactions (reinforces defiant behavior )
Low parental monitoring
Peer rejection
Low SES and high crime neighborhoods

73
Q

What is the treatment for ODD and CD?

A

behavior therapy
anger coping and coping power
multisystem therapy - family based approach

74
Q

Can you have ODD with DMDD?

A

NO

75
Q

What is the DSM5 for DMDD?

A

A. Severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally and/or behaviorally that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation or provocation
B. Temper outbursts are inconsistent with developmental level
C. Temper outbursts occur, on average, 3 or more times per week
D. Mood between outbursts is persistently irritable or angry, nearly every day, and observed by others
E. Sx A-D present for 12 months or more. Has not had a period lasting 3 or more consecutive months without all of the Sx in A-D
F. Criteria A and D are present in 2 out of 3 settings (home, school, peers) and are severe in 1 of the settings
G. Do not make diagnosis before 6 years old or after 18 years old
H. Age of onset of symptoms is before 10 years old (by history or observation)
I. Never a distinct period (lasting more than 1 day) during which the full sx criteria for a manic or hypomanic episode have been met
J. Behaviors do not occur exclusively during an episode of major depressive disorder, and not better explained by a mental health disorder
Note. Cannot diagnose with ODD, intermittent explosive disorder, or bipolar disorder
Note. Can co-occur with ADHD, MDD, CD, substance use
K. Sx are not due to substances, or medical/neurological

Behavioral Health (18 decks)

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