Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Infection > week 8 - hepatitis/HPV+cancer > Flashcards

week 8 - hepatitis/HPV+cancer Flashcards

1
Q

causes of hepatitis

A

infectious

non infectious - alcohol, drug uses, auto immune disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

signs of hepatitis

A

jaundice
fever
malaise
upper abdominal discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what clinical signs might you see during examination

A

spider naevi
jaundice
splenomalgy
hepatomalgy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is HAV transmitted?

A

faecal-oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what family is Hep A

A

heptoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the pathogenesis of hep A

A

invades body by ingestion
multiplies in GI and moves to liver
enters intestine w/ bile and appears in exxcrete
causing liver damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what family is Hep E

A

Calcivirus - like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is Hep contracted from

A

raw shell fish
sexual contact
contaminated food/water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is HBeAg produced, and what is it a good measure of?

A

Produced from breakdown of core antigen from infected liver cells Marker of infectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is HBV transmitted?

A

parenteral - blood transfusion, infected needles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is HBV transmitted?

A

parenteral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is HDV transmitted?

A

parenteral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many genotypes for Hepatitis A

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What antigen on HBV used as a marker for infection

A

HBsAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the different categories of transmission for Hepatitis B

A

Horizontal
Vertical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the horizontal transmission for Hepatitis B

A

Sexual contact
Blood transfusion
re-use of contaminated needles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the horizontal transmission for Hepatitis B

A

Sexual contact
Blood transfusion
re-use of contaminated needles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 3 FDA approved drugs for hepatitis B

A
  • Interferon-alpha 2b
  • Hepsera
  • Lamivudine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What antigen on HBV used to document recovery or immunity to HBC infection

A

HBsAb (hepatitis B virus antibody)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What apperance of hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis B

A

Ground glass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are decoy particles in Hepatitis B

A

HBsAg containing particles released into serum that try to distract immune system from HPV virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how are decoy particles used clinically

A

used to create vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some extra-hepatic complications of Hepatitis A

A

Arthritis
Myocarditis
Renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some functions of the liver

A

Bile production
filtration of toxins
synthesis of clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are some infectious causes of hepatitis
Viral Bacteria Fungal Parasitic
26
What are some non infectious causes of hepatitis
Alcohol Drugs Autoimmune metabolic diseases
27
What are the 2 consequences of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D
Coinfection Superinfection
28
What are the different antigens for Hepatitis B
HBsAg-Surface antigen HBcAg-Core antigen HBeAg-Envelope antigen
29
What are the different markers that can be investigated in HCV
HCV antibody HCV-RNA HCV-antigen
30
What are the high risk groups for Hepatitis B
Babies of mothers with chronic HBV Intravenous drug users people with multiple sex partners Hemophiliacs or other patients requiring blood treatment Health care personnel who are in contact with blood
31
What are the possible outcomes of Hepatitis B infection
Chronic infection leading to chronic hepatitis Chronic hepatitis leading to cirrhosis Cirrhosis causing hepatocellular carcinoma or liver failure
32
What are the signs and symptoms of acute HCV
Decreased appetite Fatigue nausea Muscle or joint pain jaundice weight loss
33
What are the signs and symptoms of chronic HCV
Fatigue Fatty liver Cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma easy bruising hepatic encephalopathy
34
What are the treatments for HCV
Interferon Ribavirin
35
What conditions does Hepatitis B cause
acute and chronic Hepatitis Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma
36
What does development of antibodies against HBsAg suggest
Resolution of chronic inflammation
37
What does HBeAg indicate
Active replication of virus and infectiveness
38
What does HBV-DNA presence indicate
Active replication of HBV virus
39
What does presence of Anti-HBe suggest
Virus no longer replicating however patient can still be positive for HBsAg
40
What genetic information does Hepatitis D have
negative sense single stranded RNA (-ssRNA)
41
What genetic information in HCV
single stranded RNA (ssRNA)
42
What hepatitis is not enveloped
Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E
43
What Hepatitis transmitted via fecal-oral route
Hepatitis A Hepatitis E
44
What Hepatitis transmitted via fecal-oral route
Hepatitis A Hepatitis E
45
What is a coinfection
simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species
46
What is an occult HBV infection
presence of HBV DNA in liver or undetectable HBV DNA in serum
47
What is HCV antibody used for
Diagnosis of hepatitis C infection
48
What is hepatitis
Inflammation of liver
49
What is involved in the replication of Hepatitis B
Reverse transcriptase
50
What is spider naevi
swollen blood vessels found slighly beneath skin surface central red spot and reddish extensions
51
What is the difference between anti-HBc IgM and anti-HBc IgG?
IgM indicates current or acute infection (<6 months duration) IgG indicates chronic infection (>6 months)
52
What is the hepatitis B prevention for newborns
hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin given within 12 hours of birth and 2nd dose of vaccine given at 1-2 months and 3rd dose no later than 6 months
53
What is the incubation period for HCV
1-26 weeks
54
What is the incubation period of Hepatitis A
2-6 weeks
55
What is the incubation period of Hepatitis B
60-90 days
56
What is the main use of HCV-RNA in diagnostics
Monitor response to antiviral therapy
57
What is the pathogenesis of HCV
Virus enters and uncoats in cytoplasm translation and processing of genetic material occurs replicative intermediate is formed which then also undergoes translation virus particle becomes assembled
58
What is the pathogenesis of HBV
HBV replicates to produce antigen decoy particle through the use of an RNA intermediate one of the mRNA of HBV replicated with reverse transcriptase leading to DNA formation DNA integrated into host genome leading to carrier state
59
What is the prevention for HBV-HDV coinfection
pre or post exposure prophylaxis to prevent HBV infection
60
What is the prevention for HBV-HDV superinfection
education to reduce risk behaviours
61
What is the serologic course of HBV-HDV coinfection
IgM anti-HDV increases and decreases Anti-HBs slowly increase Total Anti-HDV increased and decreased
62
what is superinfection
develop chronic HCV high risk of chronic liver disease
63
What is the use of HBsAg marker
Acute as well as chronic carriers present in symptomatic patient suggests acute HBV infection
64
What is the use of IgM HBc Ag marker
acute HBV infection
65
What is the use of marker IgM HAV
Diagnosis of HAV acute infection
66
What is the vaccination course for Hepatitis B
3 vaccine injections 2nd injection given at least 1 month after 1st dose and 3rd injection given 6 months after 1st dose
67
What is the whole virus of Hepatitis B called
Dane particle
68
What marker is the most useful in identification of HBV
Serum Anti HBc
69
What type of virus is Hepatitis B
Hepadnavirus
70
What type of virus is Hepatitis C
Flavivirus
71
When can you only contract Hepatitis D
In the presence of HBV
72
When does HBeAg seroconversion occur
When people infected with HBeAg-positive form virus develop antibodies against HBeAg
73
Where is poor response for hepatitis B prevention seen in
Age>40 obesity smoking alcoholics advanced liver disease
74
Where is the concentration of Hepatitis B highest in body fluids
Blood serum Wound exudates
75
Where is the concentration of Hepatitis B Low/not detectable in body fluids
urine Faeces Sweat tears breast milk
76
Where is the concentration of Hepatitis B moderate in body fluids
Semen Vaginal fluid Saliva
77
Which 2 Hepatitis viruses do not increase the risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HAV and HEV
78
what is the pathogenesis of HPV
hijacks host cella nd makes viral E6 E7 proteins which can cause cancer
79
what does E6 protein do
binds to p53 tumour suppressor and increase growth
80
what does E7 do
it has an anti-apoptotic by mutations in p53
81
what is condylomata acuminate
benign anogenital warts caused by HPV 6 and 11
82
what two HPV strains increase cervical cancers
HPV 16 and 18
83
what is HPV 16 linked to
squamous cell carcinoma
84
what is HPV 18 linked to
adenocarcinoma
85
what are risk factors for HPV
found age at first intercourse smoking immunodeficiency
86
what does CIN stand for
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
87
what is a koilocyte
a squamous epithelial cell that has undergone several structural changes due to infection by HPV
88
what is used to remove abnormal cells from cervix
LEEP - loop electrosurgical excision procedure
89
what is a oncogene
genetic material w/ ability to cause cancer
90
what causes herpes
HSV 1 or 2 virus
91
After primary infection in herpes where does the virus remain dormant
Ganglion neurons
92
How many grades in CIN grading
3
93
In which cells does herpes replicate
nerve cells
94
What can go wrong if HPV not treated
Can be transmitted to sex partners and newborns Warts may grow and spread may cause cervical cancer
95
What prevention can be done against cervical neoplasia
Vaccination of young women against HPV infections
96
What are some factors that can reactivate herpes
Stress Trauma immunodeficiency
97
What are the risk factors for HPV
damaged skin immunodeficiency unprotected sex uncircumcised males number of lifetime sexual partners
98
What herpes associated with oral herpes
HSV-1
99
What herpes associated with Genital herpes
HSV-2
100
What is a colposcopy
Examination of the vagina and cervix with a colposcope, a magnifying instrument
101
What is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix that could potentially lead to cervical cancer
102
What is CIN grading
grading system used to describe abnormal epithelial cells and determine there specimen quality
103
What is the incubation period of HPV
3-4 months
104
What is the pathophysiology of Cervical cancer
HPV infection of basal layer Viral replication infected cells move and spread Viral DNA integration into host genome leading to uncontrolled viral production
105
What is the pathophysiology of herpes
Virus enter body through mucosal surfaces Virus invade,spread and replicate in nerve cells After primary infection, virus remains dormant in ganglion neurons triggered by various factors and then spreads to unusual sites
106
What is the treatment for Herpes
Antivirals
107
What layer of epithelia do HPV infections occur
Basal cell layer
108
What testing available for herpes
Visual exam blood test
109
What type of genetic information does Human Papillomavirus have
Double stranded circular

Infection (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions