Week 1 - microbiota Flashcards
What is an antitoxin?
antibodies w/,ability to neutralise a specific toxin
list of risk factors for early onset GBS
-Obstetric risks eg) preterm delivery, infection in amniotic fluid/placenta, rupture of membranes
-presence of GBS in maternal urine = ^colonization
-young maternal age or African American
-low lvls of anti-GBS antibodies in mother
Characteristics of a Gram +ve bacteria
-Thick layer of peptidoglycan
-outer membrane
-No LPS
-Stains blue/purple
Characteristics of Gram -ve bacteria
-Thin layer of peptidoglycan
-No outer membran
-presence of LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)
-Stains pink/red
how are bacteria named?
Genus followed by species
Capital letter for genus and then italics for Species
staining of bacteria is important why?
determines which antibiotic to use, some more effective on peptidoglycan structure
prions
misfiled protein
no nucleic acids
can be acquired, sporadic, genetic or unknown formation
viruses
-non living, short strands of DNA/RNA
-need living host to replicate, pathogenic
-classifies by genome: DNA/RNA
-baltimore classification: based on mRNA synthesis
eg) DNA: Herpes, Hep B, chickenpox
RNA: HIV,AIDS,FLU
protozoa
-single celled eukaryotes (free living on parasite)
eg) malaria
helminths and parasites
-large multicellular organisms
eg) tapeworms,hookworm
fungi
- eukaryotes
- affects immunocompromised
eg) pneumonia, athletes foot, ringworm
list the types of microorganisms
-bacteria
-fungi
-algae
-protozoa
-archae
-helminths/parasites
list types of pathogens
-viruses
-prions
microbiota
community of microorganisms living in environment, genomes
what type of bacteria is Group B Streptococcus?
Gram +ve
what is vertical transmission of microbiota?
acquire direct from a parent
What is horizontal transmission of microbiota?
a response to the environment
what is the relationship b/w pathogens and microbes?
Most microbes not pathogenic,
few microbes may be pathogenic for survival and growth
very few microbes are always pathogenic
What is the process of microbiome transfer from gut of mother to fetus?
Exposure of GBS with mother faecal matter during child birth
What type of hemolytic bacteria is GBS?
Beta haemolytic bacteria
what occurs during beta haemolytic?
-RBCs destroyed
-bacteria form enzyme HEMOLYSIN, break down haemoglobin
-shown on blood agar w/cleairng or full lysis of bacteria colony
What is the main horizontal transmission of microbes?
from diet
What is the main event for microbiome transfer to fetus?
exposure to mothers vagina and gut bacteria
What is the baltimore classification?
Classification of viruses based on the type of genome that they have
(DNA,RNA)
