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Infection > Week 1 - microbiota > Flashcards

Week 1 - microbiota Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antitoxin?

A

antibodies w/,ability to neutralise a specific toxin

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2
Q

list of risk factors for early onset GBS

A

-Obstetric risks eg) preterm delivery, infection in amniotic fluid/placenta, rupture of membranes

-presence of GBS in maternal urine = ^colonization

-young maternal age or African American

-low lvls of anti-GBS antibodies in mother

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3
Q

Characteristics of a Gram +ve bacteria

A

-Thick layer of peptidoglycan
-outer membrane
-No LPS
-Stains blue/purple

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4
Q

Characteristics of Gram -ve bacteria

A

-Thin layer of peptidoglycan
-No outer membran
-presence of LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)
-Stains pink/red

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5
Q

how are bacteria named?

A

Genus followed by species

Capital letter for genus and then italics for Species

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6
Q

staining of bacteria is important why?

A

determines which antibiotic to use, some more effective on peptidoglycan structure

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7
Q

prions

A

misfiled protein
no nucleic acids
can be acquired, sporadic, genetic or unknown formation

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8
Q

viruses

A

-non living, short strands of DNA/RNA

-need living host to replicate, pathogenic

-classifies by genome: DNA/RNA

-baltimore classification: based on mRNA synthesis

eg) DNA: Herpes, Hep B, chickenpox
RNA: HIV,AIDS,FLU

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9
Q

protozoa

A

-single celled eukaryotes (free living on parasite)

eg) malaria

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10
Q

helminths and parasites

A

-large multicellular organisms

eg) tapeworms,hookworm

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11
Q

fungi

A
  • eukaryotes
  • affects immunocompromised

eg) pneumonia, athletes foot, ringworm

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12
Q

list the types of microorganisms

A

-bacteria
-fungi
-algae
-protozoa
-archae
-helminths/parasites

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13
Q

list types of pathogens

A

-viruses
-prions

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14
Q

microbiota

A

community of microorganisms living in environment, genomes

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15
Q

what type of bacteria is Group B Streptococcus?

A

Gram +ve

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16
Q

what is vertical transmission of microbiota?

A

acquire direct from a parent

17
Q

What is horizontal transmission of microbiota?

A

a response to the environment

18
Q

what is the relationship b/w pathogens and microbes?

A

Most microbes not pathogenic,

few microbes may be pathogenic for survival and growth

very few microbes are always pathogenic

19
Q

What is the process of microbiome transfer from gut of mother to fetus?

A

Exposure of GBS with mother faecal matter during child birth

20
Q

What type of hemolytic bacteria is GBS?

A

Beta haemolytic bacteria

21
Q

what occurs during beta haemolytic?

A

-RBCs destroyed

-bacteria form enzyme HEMOLYSIN, break down haemoglobin

-shown on blood agar w/cleairng or full lysis of bacteria colony

22
Q

What is the main horizontal transmission of microbes?

A

from diet

23
Q

What is the main event for microbiome transfer to fetus?

A

exposure to mothers vagina and gut bacteria

24
Q

What is the baltimore classification?

A

Classification of viruses based on the type of genome that they have
(DNA,RNA)

25
Q

What is dysbiosis?

A

“imbalance” of flora, disturbs microbiota homeostasis

26
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

organism causing damage to host

27
Q

what is a microbiome?

A

Entire genetic material of all the elements of the microbiota

28
Q

What is a biofilm?

A

densely packed communities of microbial cells that grow on living (tissue) or inert surfaces

resistant to antimicrobial drugs

29
Q

What are the 4 dominant phyla of microorganisms in the human gut?

A

Firmicutes
Actinobacteria
Proteobacteria
Bacterioidetes

30
Q

2 ways in which we acquire microbes

A

vertical transmission

horizontal transmission

31
Q

What are the 2 main methods a fetus is exposed to maternal microbiome?

A

vaginal

gut

32
Q

examples of diseases associated with altered microbiotia composition

A

Irritable bowel syndrome
Inflammatory bowel disease
Celiac disease

33
Q

What are some benefits of microbiomes?

A

-mucus production
-assist digestion
-prevent gastric complications

34
Q

Through which classification system are viruses classified

A

Baltimore classification

35
Q

How are biofilms formed?

A

microorganisms attach to surface

proliferation- increase in number

maturation

dispersion to a different area to attach to a different surface

Infection (8 decks)

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