Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection > week 5 -Infection of respiratory tract/viral adaptations > Flashcards

week 5 -Infection of respiratory tract/viral adaptations Flashcards

1
Q

What group Streptococcus is Streptococcus sore throats (pharyngitis) caused by

A

Group A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

severe inflammatory reaction of the lungs to pulmonary damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is catalase positive?

A

Test used to differentiate between staphylococci from streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is measured in National early warning score (NEWS)

A

Respiratory
Oxygen saturation
temperature
systolic blood pressure
pulse rate
level of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is tachypnoea

A

tachy=rapid
Pnoea=breathing
abnormally rapid breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What microorganisms cause sinusitis(3)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what microrganisms cause otitis(4)

A

Streptococcus pneumononiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what structures are affected in a lower respiratory tract infection

A

lungs and bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What structures are affected in a upper respiratory tract infection(4)

A

Nasal cavity
sinuses
pharnyx
larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which respiratory tract infection are more dangerous and difficult to treat

A

Lower respiratory tract infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does COVID-19 invade host cells

A

Through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
Transmembrane protease serine 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Influenza virus is a member of which family of viruses?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List 2 antiviruses that could be used in treatment of influenza virus?

A

Amantadine
Rimantadine
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 2 basic approaches of treatment for influenza

A

Symptomatic care
Anticipation of potential complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are antigenic drifts

A

Minor changes occur in antigenic structure via random point mutation and subtype does not alter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are antigenic shifts

A

Two subtypes of viruses infect same cell and exchange genetic segments to create new subtypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 ways mutations for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase can occur

A

Antigenic drift
Antigenic shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 major serotypes of influenza

A

A
B
C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the best treatments for influenza

A

Rest and fluid intake
Cough suppresants
conservative use of analgesics for myalgia and headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the different serotypes of influenza based on

A

antigens associated with nucleoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the high-risk group of individuals for complications with influenza

A

Elderly >65 years old
Children<5 years age
Pregnant
individuals with chronic medical conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of influenza

A

Sudden fever
Pharyngitis
Congestion
Cough
Myalgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the symptoms of COVID-19

A

Fever
Fatigue
Dry cough
Shortness of breath
Loss of smell
Loss of appetite
Myalgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what epithelium does influenza prefer

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What genetic material does influenza have

A

Single stranded RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthase

A

enzyme that reacts to interferon signal
antiviral enzyme that counteracts viral attack by degrading RNA’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a nucleocapsid

A

genome and protein coat of virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is an endosome

A

intracellular sorting organelles that are part of endocytic membrane transport pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is hemagglutinin

A

glycoprotein found on surface of influenza virus
responsible for binding virus to cell being infected

31
Q

what is neuraminidase

A

glycoside hydrolase enzymes that cleave glycosidic linkages of neuraminic acids

32
Q

what is PKR

A

interferon-induced kinase that plays a key part in innate immunity to viral infection

33
Q

What is positive sense RNA

A

type of viral RNA that, unlike negative-sense RNA, can be readily translated into proteins. Does not require RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

34
Q

What is the enveloped status of coronavirus

A

Enveloped

35
Q

What is the enveloped status of influenza

A

Enveloped with helical capsid

36
Q

What is the genetic material of coronaviruses

A

Positive sense RNA genome

37
Q

What is the method of person to person transmission for influenza

A

Respiratory droplets

38
Q

What is the most common method for influenza virus transmission?

A

Direct droplet transmission

39
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Influenza

A

Influenza virus bind to respiratory tract epithelium
Viral hemagglutinin binds sialic acid residues and enters cells
Virus replicates in nucleus of cell
New virus particles travel to cell membrane and membrane bud forms
Viral neuraminidase cleaves neuraminic acid and virion leaves cell

40
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Poliovirus

A

Attach to receptors on host cell
Penetration via pore mediateda

41
Q

What is the process of virus invasion

A

Attachment to host cell
Penetration into host
Uncoating
Replication of nucleic acid and formation of viral proteins
Assembly of virus components
Viral release

42
Q

What is the transmission for COVID-19

A

Person-person mainly via respiratory droplets
Direct contact transmission

43
Q

What medication can be given for influenza

A

Amantidine and rimantadine if infection diagnosed within 12-24 hours

44
Q

What occurs in replication cycle of COVID-19

A

RNA polymerase or proteases are virally induced by endosomal viral RNA to release replicate viral compents

45
Q

What structures do coronaviruses infect

A

Upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract

46
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is mostly found in the respiratory tract?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

47
Q

Where does influenza replicate in respiratory tract

A

Ciliated cells of lower respiratory tract

48
Q

Which 3 bacteria are common causes of superinfections in flu patients

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus

49
Q

Which hemagglutinin is most relevant for influenza A

A

H1,H2,H3,H5

50
Q

Which neuraminidase most relevant for influenza A

A

N1,N2,N7

51
Q

antigenic drifts cause

A

epidemics

52
Q

antigenic shifts cause

A

pandemics

53
Q

what is viral adaptation

A

process where virus changes over time in response to environment

emergence of new strains/variants

54
Q

what is H5N1

A

bird flu

55
Q

what is s receptor mediated entry

A

clove shaped structure on virus

allows to carry viral viral and bind to host

ACE2 binds to host receptor

56
Q

What organism causes Tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

57
Q

what does the upper respiratory tract do?

A

filter heat and humidify air

58
Q

what does the upper respiratory tract consists of?

A

nasal cavity
sinuses
pharynx
larynx

59
Q

what does the lower respiratory tract do?

A

absorb O2 and release CO2

60
Q

what does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

A

larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
lungs
diaphragm

61
Q

what infections can URT get?

A

cold
epiglottitis - influenza b
laryngitis
pharyngitis
sinusitis

62
Q

what infections can LRT get?

A

bronchitis
bronchiolitis
pneumonia
influenza

63
Q

how are respiratory viruses spread?

A

coughing
sneezing
vocalizing

64
Q

cold symptoms

A

no fever
might have headache
runny nose
hacking cough
slight ache
mild fatigue
sore throat
normal energy

65
Q

flu symptoms

A

high fever
headache common
clear nose
severe cough
severe ache
fatigue
sore throat
fatigue

66
Q

3 c’s of measles

A

cough
conjunctivitis
coryza

67
Q

what do you use to treat measles

A

morbillivirus

68
Q

what is legionnaires disease

A

caused by bacteria that thrive in warm water and damp places
hot tubs, air conditioning, plumbing

69
Q

what bacteria causes legionnaires diseases

A

legionella pneumophilia
gram -ve rod

70
Q

how to diagnose legionnaires disease

A

sputum test
urine antigen test

71
Q

what is the classification of pneumonia

A

source of infection - hospital or community acquired

site of infection

72
Q

what is pneumocystis pneumonia cause by

A

pneumocystis jirovecii

73
Q

list three pneumonia

A

bronchopneumonia

lobar pneumonia

interstitial pneumonia

Infection (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions