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Infection > week 7 - reproductive infection/HIV > Flashcards

week 7 - reproductive infection/HIV Flashcards

1
Q

are bacterial STI infections curable

A

yes

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2
Q

are viral STI infections curable?

A

no. Can be treated with medication

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3
Q

example of bacterial STI

A

HIV

HEP B

HPV

genital herpes

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4
Q

prevention for HIV

A

Protection
use PrEP
Prompt ART
HIV testing

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5
Q

How can STI’s be spread through contact

A

genital openings
breaks in skin
mucous membrane

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6
Q

How can syphilis be tested

A

blood samples

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7
Q

How do N. gonorrhoeae’s surface pili protect it against the body’s immune system?

A

The surface pili prevent phagocytosis by neutrophils

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8
Q

How does Gonorrhoea attach to host cells

A

Using fimbriae and capsule

release protease enzyme to break down IgA in secretory mucous for protection from host immune systems

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9
Q

How is specimen collected in gonococci in females

A

Vaginal speculum used

swab rubbed in around cervix and withdraw without contamination with vaginal wall

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10
Q

How many stages are there in syphilis

A

4

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11
Q

Is Chlamydia trachomatis a Gram–negative or Gram–Positive bacterium?

A

gram -ve

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12
Q

List 3 symptoms and 3 signs for vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush)?

A

Symptoms: abnormal discharge, dyspareunia (pain in sex), itch

signs: vulvar oedema, erythema, cottage cheese discharge

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13
Q

List 3 symptoms of chlamydia infection in women?

A

dysuria
itching
abnormal vaginal discharge

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14
Q

List 3 symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men?

A

cloudy discharge
dysuria
itching on tip

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15
Q

List 3 symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men?

A

Arthritis
Tendosynovitis
Dermatitis
Polyathralgia

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16
Q

what are sexually transmitted infections

A

group of infections that are mainly transmitted via sexual intercourse

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17
Q

The chancre is characteristic of what stage of syphilis?

A

primary

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18
Q

What 2 forms does chlamydia trachomatis take on in its life cycle

A

Elementary body
Reticulate body

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19
Q

What are the effects of untreated chlamydia trachomatis in females

A

infertility
ectopic pregnancy

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20
Q

What are the sources of infections for disseminated gonococcal infections

A

Asymptomatic and symptomatic infections of pharnyx,urethra,cervix

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21
Q

What are the symptoms for females in gonococcal infections

A

Cervicitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Bartholinitis

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22
Q

What are the symptoms for males in gonococcal infection

A

Acute inflammation
Painful urination
Purulent discharge

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23
Q

What cells does chlamydia trachomatis infect

A

Columnar epithelial cells

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24
Q

What is a disseminated gonococcal infection

A

systemic infection of N. gonorrhoeae

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25
What is proctitis
Inflammation of rectum
26
What is the Bartholin's gland duct
alveolar glands at opening of vagina for lubrication
27
What is the feature of Neisseria gonorrhoeae(High yield)
diploccoci paired dots
28
What is the primary site for urogenital infections in females
endocervical canal
29
What is the transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Direct Sexual contact birth - vertical transmission
30
What type of bacteria is chlamydia trachomatis
gram negative
31
What type of bacteria is chlamydia trachomatis function wise
Obligate intracellular
32
What are 5 P's for sexual behaviour history taking
Partners Practises prevention of pregnancy protection from STD's past history of STD
33
What are clue cells
Epithelial cells of vagina that have a distinctive appearance of being covered with bacteria
34
What are some diseases characterised by genital ulcers
Syphilis Genital ulcers
35
What are some factors that increase transmission of HIV
Ejaculation occuring Breaches in mucosal barrier High plasma HIV viral load non-circumcision
36
What are some indicator conditions that may suggest HIV
Unexplained weight loss pneumonia lymphadenopathy CIN grade II and above
37
What are some symptoms associated with acute HIV infections
flu like symptoms fever fatigue headache myalgia
38
What are the 2 species of HIV
HIV-1 HIV-2
39
What are the 3 mechanisms for changing of surface antigens for Pathogenic Neisseria
Mutation of individual amino acids phase variation horizontal exchange of DNA material
40
What are the 3 phases of HIV infection
Acute seroconversion Asymptomatic HIV infection Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
41
What are the bacterial STI pathogens
Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis
42
what is bartholins gland abscess
duct is blocked and causes infection large cyst on one side treat w/ ABs or drain (word catheter) or sit baths
43
What are the infectious diseases in pregnancy screening programme
HIV HEP B Syphilis
44
What are the other modes of transmission for STI's
Needle sharing blood contact vertical transmission(mother to child)
45
What are the principles of the NAAT test
amplification of copies of genetic material so that the presence of bacteria can be detected
46
What are the routes of transmission for HIV
Sexual Parenteral (needle sharing, needstick injury,blood transfusion) vertical(mother to child)
47
What are the Viral STI pathogens
Herpes Hepatitis B Genital warts HIV/AIDS
48
What can chlamydia infection cause in children
eye infection Blindness Pneumonia
49
What can occur if bacterial vaginosis is not cured
bacteria can spread to the uterus and the fallopian tubes Transmission to sex partners and newborns Increased risk for premature births
50
What cells affected in HIV
T helper lymphocytes via CD4 receptor
51
what condition is the most common cause of vaginal discharge or malodor
Bacterial vaginosis
52
What host defenses does the vagina have
Vaginal epithelium has glycogen which is metabolised by lactobacilli to produce lactic acid which inhibits colonization by other organisms
53
What host defenses does the vagina have
Vaginal epithelium has glycogen which is metabolised by lactobacilli to produce lactic acid which inhibits colonization by other organisms
54
What identification tests are used for testing Chlamydia
Nucleic acid amplification Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay direct fluorescent antibody test Chlamydia cultures
55
What investigations could you use to diagnose N. gonorrhoeae
NAAT
56
What is bacterial vaginosis
normal H2O2 producing lactobacillus are replaced by high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria pH>4.5
57
What is bacterial vaginosis associated with
multiple male or female partners new sex partner douching receiving oral
58
What is condylomata lata
broad based wart like erosion located in anogenital region
59
What is PrEP
Pill that can be taken to protect individual from HIV that offers 100% protection from HIV
60
What is the antibody test used for antigens of Treponema Pallidum (Syphillis)
MHA-TP Microhemagglutination assay
61
What is the gram status of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
gram -ve
62
What is the incubation period of Chlamydia trachomatis
10-90 days
63
What is the life cycle of Chlamydia
Elementary bodies invade epithelial and transform into reticular bodies replicate and divide convert into Elementary bodies and host cell bursts to release
64
What is the organism responsible for vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Candida Albicans
65
What is the transmission of syphilis
Skin to skin Contact through mucous membranes mother-child through placenta
66
What is the treatment available for syphilis
single intramuscular injection of medication
67
What is the treatment of bacterial vaginosis
oral antibiotics Suppositories
68
What laboratory technique is used to test for Chlamydia trachomatis
NAAT
69
What must organisms do to colonize the vagina
have specific mechanisms for attaching to vaginal or cervical mucosa take advantage of impaired defences or minute local injuries
70
What occur in third stage syphilis
Neurosyphilis Gumma Blindness Transmission to sexual partners and newborns physical damage
71
What occurs in primary syphilis
Chancres (lesion) appear on body
72
What occurs in second stage syphilis
Condylomata lata Polymorphic rash fever,fatigue,myalgia,headache
73
What organism causes bacterial vaginosis
Gardnerella vaginalis Mycoplasma homininis
74
What organism causes syphilis
treponema pallidum
75
What swabs and tests for chlamydia in female
Endocervical vulvo-vaginal urine samples
76
What swabs or tests for chlamydia for males
Urethral urine samples
77
What swabs used for gonorrhoea
Cervical Urethral
78
What type of epithelium cells does Nesseria gonorrhoeae infect
columnar epithelial of males and females
79
What type of treatment for HIV
Two NRTI and one drug from different class
80
When do symptoms appear for males in gonococcal infections
2-7 days
81
When do chancres disappear in syphilis
14 days
82
When do the signs for Candidiasis manifest after an infection
7-10 days
83
Which gender is disseminated gonococcal infection more common in
Females
84
Which HIV species most common
HIV-1
85
Which organs are most likely to be involved by fibrosis in congenital syphilis?
liver pancreas lungs
86
why cant treponema pallidum be detected using gram staining
Too small
87
why cant treponema pallidum be detected using gram staining
Too small
88
Why is the vagina prone to infections
Does not have an effective cleaning mechanism
89
if infection ascends in a female what disease can it cause
Pelvic inflammatory diseases tubi-ovarian abscess
90
if infection ascends in a male what disease can it cause
epididymis-orchitis
91
risk factors for thrush
diabetes douching immunosuppresors
92
what is an elementary body
small, rigid wall, infectious product of chlymadia
93
what is a reticulate body
large, thin wall, non infectious, replicating product of chlamydia
94
what is used to treat chlamydia
doxycycline for 7 days bd dose azithromycin
95
what is used to treat gonorrhoea
ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone must test of cure
96
what is used to treat syphilis
benzathine penicillin g
97
what does HIV stand for
human immunodeficiency virus
98
what does AIDS stand for
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
99
how does HIV replicate
- binding, fuse, and reverse transcription - integrates into host DNA -replicates using host cels making HIVRNA and proteins -assembles into virions then buds off -after budding turns into mature infectious virus
100
characteristics of HIV 1
global sexual transmission is high vertical transmission is high will develop AIDs if untreated
101
characteristics of HIV 2
west africa sexual transmission is lower vertical transmission lower doesn't usually progress to AIDS

Infection (8 decks)

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