Week 8: Group Cohesion in Sport and Exercise Flashcards
Group/team IS NOT
-a statistical grouping (eg 20 year olds)
-unorganized collections (football crowd)
-subculture (french canadians)
-organizations (united way)
-associations (basketball canada)
Group/team IS
-common fate
-mutual benefit
-social structure
-self categorization
-quality interaction
Team composition
-characteristics of individuals who compose the group (personality, age, gender etc)
Team resources
-include psychological characteristics and members ability (skill, experience etc)
Team features
-team size, sport type, competition level
Team territory
-physical space as a variable that can contribute to group and individual satisfaction and performance (home, away etc)
Roles
-ensure roles are defined, clear, and accepted
Norms
-standards for behaviours that are expected of group members
Leadership
-formal and informal leaders
Cooperation and competition
-dynamics of cooperation and competition between team members
Interaction and communication
-essential process for the team to come to an understanding about itself and where it is going
Emergent states
-cohesion
-social identity
-team resilience
Characteristics of cohesion
-multidimensional: factors that hold groups together are varied and numerous
-dynamic: reasons for cohesion can change over time
-instrumental: all groups form for a reason
-affective: sometimes groups stay together because there are strong emotional ties
Conceptual model of group cohesion
-group aspects: belief members hold about the group as a collective
-individual aspects: beliefs group members hold about personal benefits
Correlates of group cohesion
-environmental factors
-team factors
-leadership factors
-personal factors
Environmental correlates
-group size: smaller the group, the more cohesion
Personal correlates
-effort and sacrifices
Social loafing
-when individuals in groups give less than 100%
Social loafing is increased under following conditions
-individual output cannot be evaluated
-task perceived as low in meaningfulness
-individual personal involvement is low
-individuals are strangers to each other
-teammates are seen as high ability
-competing against weaker opponent
Team correlates
-success and efficacy: large positive relationship between cohesion and performance
Social identity factors
-ingroup ties (physical environment/structure)
-ingroup affect (emotional ties/positive feelings)
-cognitive centrality (importance in life)
In group ties
-connection and bonds
-creating an environment that is conducive to building positive relationships with peers
In group affect
-poistive feelings
-having fun and feeling engaged will increase the likelihood of continued involvement
Cognitive centrality
-importance of group
-if it is important, individual will try to represent group with behaviours that are deemed important to them
Team building distinctiveness
-tshirt etc that distinguishes from other groups, same uniforms, have a shared group name
