Week 8: Group Cohesion in Sport and Exercise

Question 1

Group/team IS NOT

Answer 1

-a statistical grouping (eg 20 year olds)
-unorganized collections (football crowd)
-subculture (french canadians)
-organizations (united way)
-associations (basketball canada)

Question 2

Group/team IS

Answer 2

-common fate
-mutual benefit
-social structure
-self categorization
-quality interaction

Question 3

Team composition

Answer 3

-characteristics of individuals who compose the group (personality, age, gender etc)

Question 4

Team resources

Answer 4

-include psychological characteristics and members ability (skill, experience etc)

Question 5

Team features

Answer 5

-team size, sport type, competition level

Question 6

Team territory

Answer 6

-physical space as a variable that can contribute to group and individual satisfaction and performance (home, away etc)

Question 7

Roles

Answer 7

-ensure roles are defined, clear, and accepted

Question 8

Norms

Answer 8

-standards for behaviours that are expected of group members

Question 9

Leadership

Answer 9

-formal and informal leaders

Question 10

Cooperation and competition

Answer 10

-dynamics of cooperation and competition between team members

Question 11

Interaction and communication

Answer 11

-essential process for the team to come to an understanding about itself and where it is going

Question 12

Emergent states

Answer 12

-cohesion
-social identity
-team resilience

Question 13

Characteristics of cohesion

Answer 13

-multidimensional: factors that hold groups together are varied and numerous
-dynamic: reasons for cohesion can change over time
-instrumental: all groups form for a reason
-affective: sometimes groups stay together because there are strong emotional ties

Question 14

Conceptual model of group cohesion

Answer 14

-group aspects: belief members hold about the group as a collective
-individual aspects: beliefs group members hold about personal benefits

Question 15

Correlates of group cohesion

Answer 15

-environmental factors
-team factors
-leadership factors
-personal factors

Question 16

Environmental correlates

Answer 16

-group size: smaller the group, the more cohesion

Question 17

Personal correlates

Answer 17

-effort and sacrifices

Question 18

Social loafing

Answer 18

-when individuals in groups give less than 100%

Question 19

Social loafing is increased under following conditions

Answer 19

-individual output cannot be evaluated
-task perceived as low in meaningfulness
-individual personal involvement is low
-individuals are strangers to each other
-teammates are seen as high ability
-competing against weaker opponent

Question 20

Team correlates

Answer 20

-success and efficacy: large positive relationship between cohesion and performance

Question 21

Social identity factors

Answer 21

-ingroup ties (physical environment/structure)
-ingroup affect (emotional ties/positive feelings)
-cognitive centrality (importance in life)

Question 22

In group ties

Answer 22

-connection and bonds
-creating an environment that is conducive to building positive relationships with peers

Question 23

In group affect

Answer 23

-poistive feelings
-having fun and feeling engaged will increase the likelihood of continued involvement

Question 24

Cognitive centrality

Answer 24

-importance of group
-if it is important, individual will try to represent group with behaviours that are deemed important to them

Question 25

Team building distinctiveness

Answer 25

-tshirt etc that distinguishes from other groups, same uniforms, have a shared group name